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Kinesiology II > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reference point of the AC joint?

A

Front of the acromion

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2
Q

What is the ROM at the SC joint in the frontal plain?

A

45 degrees elevation

10 degrees depression

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3
Q

What is the ROM at the SC joint in the horizontal plane?

A

15-30 degrees protraction

15-30 degrees retraction

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4
Q

In retraction at the SC joint, the [convex/concave] clavicle moves on the [convex/concave] sternum. Disc moves with the clavicle to avoid bone to bone contact.

A

Concave; convex

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5
Q

Clavicular posterior rotation is associated with shoulder [abduction/adduction] and [extension/flexion].

A

Abduction; flexion

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6
Q

True or false:

There is active anterior rotation, but very little.

A

False. there is NO active rotation (just compression of the joint)

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7
Q

What is the ROM at the SC joint for posterior rotation?

A

20-35 degrees (sagittal plane)

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8
Q

What is the arthrokinimatic relationship occurring at the SC joint during elevation? what is the check reign lig. for this movement?

A

Convex clavicle rolls superior, and slides inferior on concave sternum; CCL

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9
Q

What is the arthrokinimatic relationship occurring at the SC joint during depression? what is the check reign lig. for this movement?

A

Convex clavicle rolls inferior and slides superior on concave sternum; SCL and ICL

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10
Q

With 2:1 scapulohumeral rhythm, active shoulder abduction of 180 degrees consists of 120 degrees ________ motion and 60 degrees of upward ______ rotation.
This describes Principle ___

A

Glenohumeral; scapular; 1

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11
Q

Principle 2: What is the result of 60 degrees of upward rotation of the scapula at the scapulothoracic joint during shoulder abduction?

A

simultaneous elevation at the SC joint combined with upward rotation at the AC joint

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12
Q

Principle 3: The clavicle _____ at the SC joint during abduction

A

retracts

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13
Q

Principle 4: The scapula at the AC joint ______ and _______ during full shoulder abduction

A

posteriorly tilts; externally rotates

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14
Q

Principle 5: The clavicle at the SC joint _______ around its own axis during abduction

A

posteriorly rotates

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15
Q

Principle 6: The GH joint ______ rotates during shoulder abduction

A

externally

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16
Q

What are the proximal stabilizers of the shoulder?

A
  1. Serratus anterior

2. Trapezius

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17
Q

What are the distal mobilizers of the shoulder?

A
  1. Biceps brachii

2. Deltiod

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18
Q

What are the distal mobilizers of the shoulder?

A
  1. Biceps brachii

2. Deltiod

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19
Q

With a rounded shoulder, what muscles get shortened? lengthened?

A 
Shortened = Lats, Pec minor, Subclavius
Lengthened = Lower trap
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20
Q

Name the scapulothoracic depressors.

A
  1. Lower trap
  2. Lats
  3. Pec minor
  4. subclavius
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21
Q

Name the scapulothoracic elevators

A
  1. Upper traps
  2. Levator scapula
  3. rhomboids
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22
Q

What is the only muscle capable of producing scapular upward rotation, posterior tilting and external rotation of the AC joint?

A

Serratus anterior

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23
Q

Name the scapulothoracic retractors

A
  1. Middle Trapezius
  2. Rhomboids
  3. Lower Trapezius
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24
Q

Elevation tendency of rhomboids neutralized by depression tendency of _____.

A

lower traps

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25
Q

Elevation of Arm requires cooperative effort from

A
  1. Glenohumeral m’s
  2. Scapulothoracic m’s
  3. Rotator Cuff Muscles
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26
Q

Name the muscles involved in upward rotation force coupling

A
  1. Upper Traps
  2. Lower Traps
  3. Serratus Anterior
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27
Q

Name the muscles involved in downward rotation force coupling

A
  1. Latissumus Dorsi
  2. Rhomboids
  3. Pectoralis Minor
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28
Q

What is needed for end range shoulder extension?

A

Anterior tilt of the scapular

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29
Q

Drives the superior roll of humeral head; Compresses the humeral head firmly against the glenoid fossa; Creates a semi-rigid spacer above the humeral head, restriction excessive superior translation of the humerus

A

Supraspinatus

30
Q

Exerts a depression force on the humeral head

A

Infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

31
Q

The medial end of the clavicle is usually _____ along its longitudinal diameter and _____ along its transverse diameter

A

Convex; concave

32
Q

During abduction or flexion of the arm, how does the clavicle rotate and how many degrees does it rotate?

A

posteriorly; 20-35

33
Q

What motions are you most likely to see winging?

A

IR and Ant tilt

34
Q

Ligament that blocks posterior directed forces (humerus moving posterior)

A

Trapezoid ligament (of coracoclavicular lig)

35
Q

Ligament that blocks superior directed forces (humerus moving superior)

A

Conoid lig (of coracoclavicualr lig

36
Q

ST elevation = SC ___ + AC ___

A

Elevation; downward rotation

37
Q

ST upward rotation = SC ___ + AC ___

A

Elevation; upward rotation

38
Q

ST protraction = SC ___ + AC ___

A

Protraction; internal rotation

39
Q

List the (3) functional importance of scapulothoracic upward rotation during arm elevation

A
  1. Projects the glenoid fossa upward and anterior-laterally to provide a good base for further motion of the humerus
  2. Preserves the optimal length-tension of the abductor muscles of glenohumeral joint
  3. Maintains the volume within the subacromial space to prevent impingement
40
Q

What is the approximate angle of inclination of the humeral head? what is the retroversion of the head?

A

135; 30 degrees, posteriorly rotated

41
Q

What is the scaption plane?

A

10 degrees anterior tilt
5-10 degrees of upward rotation
35 degrees IR

42
Q

The position of the scapula on the throrax provides a base of operation for the ____ joint

A

GH

43
Q

Ligament that stabilizes the SC joint through all motions, except depression of the clavicle

A

Costoclavicular lig

44
Q

Separates the SC joint into distinct medial and lateral joint cavities

A

articular disc

45
Q

What is the primary purpose of the 3 degrees of freedom at the SC joint?

A

to place the scapula at an optimal position to accept the head of the humerus

46
Q

The AC joint is separated by a complete or incomplete articular disc. Why do some people have incomplete articular discs?

A

indicative of degeneration that affects this joint

47
Q

A fully upward rotated scapula is an important component in arm elevation (⅓ of the 180 degrees of abduction or flexion). What 3 important functions does the upward rotation serve?

A
  1. projects the glenoid fossa upward and anterolaterally providing a base to maximize the upward and lateral reach of the UE
  2. Preserves optimal length-thesnion relationship of the abductor muscles of the GH joint
  3. maintains the volume within the subacromial space
48
Q

What is the inferior portion of the GH joint capsule that appears slackened or redundant in an adducted position

A

axillary pouch

49
Q

The AC’s flat joint surfaces make it vulnerable to ____

A

shearing forces

- sup and inf ligs provide structural stability

50
Q

What part of the coracoclavicular ligament blocs posterior directed forces (humerus moving posterior on the body)? what part blocks superior directed forces?

A

trapezoid; conoid

51
Q

What is the open packed position for the AC joint? close packed? capsular pattern?

A

arm relaxed by the side;

90 Abd; extremes of motion

52
Q

What is the open packed position for the SC joint? close packed? capsular pattern?

A

Arm resting at side; arm elevated w/ posterior rotation, elevation at SC joint; extremes of motion

53
Q

Which way is the inferior angle of the scapula moving in anterior tilt?

A

posteriorly

54
Q

What are the motions at the SC joint?

A

Elevation/depression (frontal plane)
Protraction/ retraction (horizontal plane
posterior rotation (sagittal)

55
Q

What are the motions at the AC joint?

A

Upward/ downward rotation (frontal plane)
Anterior/ post tilt (saggital plane)
IR/ ER (horizontal plane)

56
Q

What are the motions at the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Upward/ downward rotation (frontal plane)
Protraction/ retraction (horizontal plane)
Elevation/ depression (frontal plane)

57
Q

SC Elevation + AC downward rotation =

A

Scapulothoracic elevation

58
Q

SC Elevation + AC up rot =

A

Scapulothoracic upward rotation

59
Q

SC protraction + AC IR =

A

Scapulothoracic protraction

60
Q

How much of the articular surface of the humeral head does the glenoid fossa cover?

A

1/3

61
Q

Area not protected by the RTC mulches but reinforce by the long head of the biceps and coracohumeral ligament; located between the supraspinatus and subscapularis

A

rotator interval

62
Q

What makes up 50 % of the depth of the glenoid fossa?

A

Glenoid labrum

63
Q

What passive mechanisms provide stability at the GH joint?

A
  1. restrain provided by capsule, ligaments, aglenoid labrum and tendons
  2. mechanical support predicated on ST posture
  3. negative intracapsular pressure
64
Q

What GH ligament limits extremes of ER?

A

middle GH lig

65
Q

What GH lig restrains inferior and anterior-posterior translations of the humeral head and becomes taut in full adduction?

A

Superior GH lig

66
Q

What GH lig is hammock-like, has three separate components, becomes taut in about 90 degrees of abd and becomes taut at extremes of ER and IR?

A

Inferior GH lig

- 3 parts = anterior band, posterior band, and axillary pouch (taut in abd)

67
Q

What ligament is the strongest and thickest in the GH capsule?

A

anterior band of the inferior GH lig

- primary ligamentous restraint to anterior translation of the humeral head

68
Q

What is ROM for arm abd

A

120 abd at GH j
60 scapular up rot
- 180 total

69
Q

What is ROM for arm flexion?

A

120 flex at GH j
60 scapular upward rot
- 180 total

70
Q

What is ROM for arm extension

A

65 degrees

71
Q

What is ROM for arm ER? IR?

A
  • 90 ER

- 70 IR

72
Q

What is open pack position for GH joint? close pack? capsular pattern?

A
  • OP = 55-70 abd, 30 horrid add, neutral rotation (splinting position to maximize blood flow to shoulder for healing)
  • CP = max ER and abd (frozen shoulder)
  • capsular = ER > Abd > IR

Kinesiology II (6 decks)

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