Shoulder

Question 1

What are the 3 true synovial joints?

Answer 1

Glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular

Question 2

What are the 2 functional joints?

Answer 2

Scapulothoracic - Functionally acts as a joint but lacks anatomic characteristics of a synovial joint; relies solely on muscular support btwn scapula and thorax

Suprahumeral

Question 3

What are the two accessory joints of the shoulder joint?

Answer 3

Costosternal

Costovertebral

Question 4

The spine of the scapula is at the level of ___

Answer 4

T3

Question 5

The inferior border of scapula is at the level of ___

Answer 5

T7

Question 6

What rotator cuff muscle is not palpable?

Answer 6

Subscapularis

Question 7

Early shoulder abduction includes what joints?

Answer 7

Glenohumeral and suprahumeral

Question 8

Mid-Late should abduction includes what joints?

Answer 8

Scapulothoracic + sternoclavicular + acromioclavicular

Question 9

Flexion of shoulder

Answer 9

180* sagittal plane

Question 10

Extension of shoulder joint

Answer 10

60* sagittal plane

Question 11

Abduction of shoulder joint

Answer 11

180* coronal plane

Question 12

Adduction of should joint

Answer 12

40-50* coronal plane

Question 13

Internal rotation of shoulder

Answer 13

90*

Question 14

External rotation of shoulder

Answer 14

90*

Question 15

Horizontal abduction of shoulder

Answer 15

40-50* horizontal plane

Question 16

Horizontal adduction of the shoulder

Answer 16

130-145* horizontal plane

Question 17

What is circumduction?

Answer 17

Combination of movements causing the humeral head to travel in a small irregular circular and the hand in a wide circular motion

Question 18

How do you evaluate the glenohumeral joint for SD?

Answer 18

Patient seated or supine
Block linkage at shoulder region and contact olecranon
Evaluate all ranges of motion
Next grip humeral head and other hand block linkage
Load into the GH joint and translate joint Ant/Inf and Post/Sup to assess for eas and restriction of glide

Question 19

How do you evaluate the acromioclcavicular joint for SD ?

Answer 19

patient seated or supine
Doctor contacts AC joint and palpates for TART findings
Bring GH joint into 60* coronal abduction and 60* horizontal abduction to maximize AC joint motion
Internally and externally rotate the GH joint
IR of GH causes IR of AC

Question 20

Expected ROM of AC joint with internal and external rotation

Answer 20

10* both ways

Question 21

How do you evaluate the sternoclavicular joint for flexion/extension SD?

Answer 21

Pt supine
Place fingers bilaterally anterior to the medial clavicular heads next to sternum
Have patient flex shoulders to 90* and reach towards ceiling
Extension occurs as patient returns to neutral

Question 22

What happens during horizontal flexion of SC joint?

Answer 22

Proximal clavicle moves posterior and distal clavicle moves anterior

Question 23

What happens during horizontal extension of SC joint?

Answer 23

Proximal clavicle moves anterior and distal clavicle moves posterior

Question 24

What SD is more common in SC joint horizontal movement?

Answer 24

Horizontal extension SD is more common

Question 25

How do you evaluate SC joint for abduction/adduction SD?

Answer 25

Pt supine
Place index fingers on superior aspect of proximal clavicular heads and have pt shrug shoulders - abduction (proximal end moves inferiorly)
Have patient return to neutral - adduction (proximal end moves superiorly)

Question 26

Describe the motion the scapulothoracic joint with elevation

Answer 26

Cephalad and parallel to spine and upper trapezius and levator scapulae responsible for motion

Question 27

Describe the motion the scapulothoracic joint with depression

Answer 27

return from elevation and lower trapezius and lower rhomboids are responsible for the motion

Question 28

Describe the motion the scapulothoracic joint with abduction

Answer 28

protraction; away from the spine, combined with lateral tilt around the thorax and serratus anterior responsible for the motion

Question 29

Describe the motion the scapulothoracic joint with adduction

Answer 29

retraction; move closer to the spine and rhomboids and middle trapezius responsible for the motion

Question 30

Describe the motion the scapulothoracic joint with upward rotation

Answer 30

forward tilt; serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscle responsible for motion

Question 31

Describe the motion the scapulothoracic joint with downward rotation

Answer 31

backward tilt; levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor, and latissimus dorsi muscles are responsible for the motion

Question 32

What muscles flex the shoulder?

Answer 32

Deltoid and coracobrachialis

Question 33

What muscles cause extension the shoulder joint?

Answer 33

Lats and teres major

Question 34

What muscles abduct the shoulder joint?

Answer 34

supraspinatus (10-15*) and mid deltoid

Question 35

What muscles adduct the shoulder joint

Answer 35

Pectoralis major and latissiumus dorsi

Question 36

What muscles cause internal rotation of the shoulder joint

Answer 36

Subscapularis and pectoralis major

Question 37

What test can be performed to test the strength of the internal rotation muscles of the shoulder joint?

Answer 37

Left off test: pt’s arm behind back/w dorsum of hand contacting low back. then have pt try to force their hand away from their back against your resistance

Question 38

What causes external rotation of the shoulder joint?

Answer 38

Infraspinatus and teres minor

Question 39

What muscles cause the shoulder joint to be able to “shrug”

Answer 39

trapezius and levator scapulae

Question 40

The shoulder joint is made of what 3 bones?

Answer 40

Clavicle
Humerus
Scapula - coracoid and acromion