Ankle and Foot Flashcards
What makes up the lateral longitudinal arch?
Calcaneus, talus, cuboid and metatarsals 4-5
What makes up the transverse distal tarsal arch?
Made up of navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms 1-3 and proximal metatarsals
What is the primary stabilizer of medial ankle?
Deltoid ligament
What ligament always tears first?
anterior talofibular ligament
How do you test anterior/posterior lateral malleolus dysfunction
Pts knee flexed and foot flat on table
Pinch lateral malleolus and slowly translate anterior and posterior
Describe osteopathic evaluation of talus dorsiflexion/plantar flexion dysfunctions
Motion occurs between talus and tibia/fibula. stabilize with one hand above ankle and other hand grips foot to passively bring into dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Patient supine, look for expected degrees of mortion
Describe osteopathic evaluation of calcaneus inversion/eversion dysfunction
Motion occurs btwn talus and calcaneus (subtalar joint). place ankle at 90* to avoid excess laxity of joint. Once hand cups/grips calcaneus and other stabilizes
Passively bring into inversion and eversion
What makes up the medial longitudinal arch?
Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms 1-3, and metatarsals 1-3
Describe navicular and cuboid plantar/dorsal glide dysfunction
Grin navicular or cuboid bone btwn thumb and index
Stabilize talus for navicular and calcaneus for cuboid
Passively force bone into dorsal and plantar glide
Plantar and dorsal glide named for side of bone nearest to midline
Plantar dysfunction more common- tight plantar fascia associated with plantar navicular
Plantar cuboid associated with post fibular head
Describe metatarsal plantar/dorsal glide dysfunction.
Use thumb and indexes. To evaluate metatarsal motion, block motion at the neighboring metatarsals while inducing a dorsal and plantar glide. Note restriction and freedom of motion, comparing bilaterally
Metatarsopharyngeal dysfunction
Take the phalanges through their entire ROM to evaluate for restriction. Dorsi flexion, plantar flexion, abduction, adduction, and internal/external rotation. Stabilize proximally at distal metatarsal head. Note restriction and freedom of motion, comparing bilaterally.
Dorsiflexion
15 to 20°
Plantar flexion
50 to 65°
Pronation
Dorsiflexion flexion, abduction and eversion of the calcaneus
Supination
Plantar flexion, add duction and inversion of calcaneus
