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533 final > shoulder > Flashcards

shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the shoulder

A

to position and stabilize the arm in space

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2
Q

the 4 anatomic articulations of the shoulder

A

1) Glenohumeral joint
2) sternoclavicular joint
3) acrominoclavicular joint
4) scapular thoracic joint

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3
Q

the 6 biomechanics articulations of the shoulder

A

1) Glenohumeral joint
2) sternoclavicular joint
3) acrominoclavicular joint
4) scapular thoracic joint
5) coraco-aromial arch
6) upper thoracic spine

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4
Q

motion of the shoulder

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal/external rotation
horizontal abduction/adduction

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5
Q

the GH joint

A

is a ball and socket joint but is much more shallow (more mobile less stable)

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6
Q

structural stability of the GH

A

is minimal
has the glenoid labrum that slightly deepens,muscle tendons, ligaments

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7
Q

ligamentous support of the GH

A

not very many
anterior and posterior GH ligaments

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8
Q

muscular support of the GH

A

rotator cuff is critical. need to maintain integrity, strength, and motor control and head of the bicepts

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9
Q

arthrokinematics at the GH joint

A

convex humerus moving on a concave glenoid cavity.
roll and side occur in opposite directions. Inferior glide needs to occur with elevation.

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10
Q

scapular mobility

A

medial and lateral translation at the acromioclavicular joint allows for upward and downward rotation of the scapula. need scapular movement with shoulder flexion and abduction

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11
Q

scapular thoracic cardial planes

A

retraction
protraction
elevation
depression
upward and downward rotation
(all are component motions of physiologic shoulder mobility and all can be created passively with our with GH joint motion)
only retraction, protraction, elevation, and depression can occur actively in isolation

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12
Q

scapulohumoral rhythm

A

combined and integrated motion must occur across the 4 anatomic joints
(1/3) of elevation comes from scapulothoracic joint and 2/3 from GH

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12
Q

Active shoulder mobility functions (codman’s paradox)

A

is the idea that when there is shoulder abduction greater then 30 degrees there has to be component external roation at the GH

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13
Q

shoulder flexion need:

A

120-GH
60-scap

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14
Q

shoulder abduction needs:

A

125 -GH
55- Scap
also need external rotation

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15
Q

elevation and depression of the clavicle axis

A

occur on the anterior and posterior axis

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16
Q

protraction and retraction of the clavicle

A

occur on the vertical axis

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17
Q

rotation of the clavical

A

occur on the medial to lateral axis

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18
Q

behind the back (low) scratch test

A

extension and internal rotation

19
Q

behind the back (high) scratch test

A

flexion and external rotation

20
Q

the superior anterior GH ligament

A

gets tense with arm at side

21
Q

the middle anterior GH ligament

A

gets tense with 45 degrees of abduction

22
Q

the inferior anterior GH ligament

A

gets tense with abduction above 90 degrees

23
Q

what position of the humerus is necessary to asses joint play for anterior glide hypermobility?

A

90 degrees of abduction
90 degrees of external rotation
90 degrees of flexion
(the apprehension test)

24
Q

what ligaments must tear if there is a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

A

The AC ligament and the coracoclavicular ligaments (conoid and trapezoid)

25
Q

what are the 4 functional muscle groups at the shoulder

A

cuff protectors and stabilizers
scapular positioners
GH powers
Upper extremity Propellers

26
Q

the cuff protectors and stabilizers

A

rotator cuff (SITS) and long head of the biceps

27
Q

scapular positioners

A

traps (upper, med, and low) Rhomboids,pect minor, seratus anterior

28
Q

GH propellers

A

deltoid, pect major, and Lats

29
Q

the subacrominal/coraco-acromial arch

A

the area between the coracoid process to the acromion process: underneath the coracoacromial ligament

30
Q

what passes under the coraco-acromial arch/ subacromial arch

A

sub deltoid bursa
rotator cuff and long head of the biceps
boney aspects of the head of the humerus

31
Q

subacromial impingement

A

can be caused by bursa, swollen tendon, thick ligament, or hooked clavicle
as the arm raises the ball slides down. an impingement stops the space at the top of the joint closing up and keeps good contact between the joint surfaces

32
Q

neuro bundle impingements (sensitive spot)

A

anterior and medial scaleless
subclavian to the 1st rib
pac minor creates space for the brachial plexus

33
Q

dislocation of the GH anteriorly

A

superior, middle, and inferior GH ligmants

34
Q

dislocation of the sternoclavicular

A

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, interclavicular ligament, costeoclavicular ligament

35
Q

function of the posterior delt

A

extension and external rotation
at 90 degrees it can do horizontal abduction

36
Q

function of the anterior delt

A

flexion with internal rotation

37
Q

function of the middle delt

A

abduction

38
Q

force couples at the scapulothoracic joint

A

2 or more muscles at opposing sides of a joint working together to provide rotation and stability
example: upper trap, lower trap, and serratus anterior work together to rotate the scapula up

39
Q

force couples across the GH joint

A

muscles that have to work together to get proper function at the shoulder
ex: suprapinatus and anterior delt in shoulder flexion

40
Q

zones of avascularity

A

cartilage, bone (heals well unless it is fractured at sight of blood vessels), cruciate ligaments and meniscu, labrum at the hip, glenoid labrum (SLAP tear might occur where the biceps tendon anchors to the labrum)

41
Q

avascularity at the supraspinatus tendon

A

worse with arm at the side because with out stretching the tendon the blood supply is not able to flow through

42
Q

avascularity with adhesive capsulitis

A

immobility, trauma or idiopathic inflammation of the joint capsule leads to fibrous adhesions to form

43
Q

biomechanical rehab goal with upper cross syndrome

A

open the subacromial space
stretch the anterior muscles (pect.)
Strengthen the scapular positioners
improve upper thoracic mobility into extension

44
Q
A

533 final (5 decks)

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