Shoulder Flashcards by Alexander Lee

The scapulothoracic joint is a _______ joint

Functional joint

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What is this area?

Subacromial space

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What is this structure?

What muscle attaches here?

Supraglenoid Tubercle

Long head of Biceps Brachii

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What is this structure?

What muscle attaches here?

Infraglenoid Tubercle

Long head of Triceps

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What is this joint?

Acromioclavicular joint

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What are the 3 Synovial joints of the shoulder?

Acromioclavicular

Glenohumeral

Sternoclavicular

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The upper arm is referred to as the ______ whereas the lower arm is referred to as _______

Upper: Brachium

Lower: Antebrachium

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Name these structures top to bottom

Top: Anatomical Neck

Bottom: Surgical Neck (Because it’s where the boe usually breaks)

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What muscle inserts (distally attaches) here?

Coracobrachialis

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What are 3 muscle actions of the Bicep Brachii

Supinates forearm

Flexes Elbow

Short head resists dislocation of shoulder

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Where does the short head of the Biceps Brachii proximally attach?

Coracoid Process

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Where do both heads of the Biceps Brachii group distally attach?

Radial Tuberosity fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

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What is the innervation of the Biceps brachii

musculocutaneous nerve (C5, (C6), C7)

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What is this muscle?

Coracobrachialis

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What are the actions of the Coracobrachialis

Helps flex and adduct arm

resists dislocation of
shoulder

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What is the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis

coracoid process of scapula

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What is the distal attachment of the Coracobrachialis

Middle humerus

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What is the innervation of the Coracobrachialis

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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What is innervation of the Triceps Brachii

Radial Nerve C6 (C7, C8)

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The long head of the triceps proximally attaches where?

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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The medial head of the triceps proximally attaches where?

posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial
groove

(REMEMBER: the Lateral tricep is more groovy than the medial, because the medial one is inferior to the groove and the lateral head is superior to the groove)

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The lateral head of the triceps proximally attaches where?

posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial
groove

(REMEMBER: the Lateral tricep is more groovy than the medial, because the medial one is inferior to the groove and the lateral head is superior to the groove)

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Where is the distal attachment of the Triceps brachii group?

olecranon of ulna

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What are the muscle actions of the Triceps?

Chief extensor of forearm

long head resists dislocation of
humerus; especially important during adduction

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What muscle attaches here?

Lateral & Medial head of the triceps

What is this structure called?

Radial groove

What are structures 1-4?

1. Lateral Head of triceps 2. Radial Groove of humerus 3. Long head of triceps 4. Medial head of triceps

What muscle seperates the Subclavian artery from the axillary artery?

Pec minor

What muscle seperates the Axillary artery from the Brachial artery

Inferior border of Teres Major

Name arteries 1 through 4

1. Right subclavian artery 2. Axillary Artery 3. Brachial Artery 4. Profunda Brachial Artery

Where does the axillary artery begin in relation to the ribs?

Lateral border of first rib

Name these veins in order of top to bottom

Cephalic Brachial Median Cubital

What are these 2 veins, top to bottom.

Top: Axillary Vein Bottom: Basilic Vein

What artery is this?

Profunda Brachii Artery

Who are the prime movers of shoulder flexion?

Front delt Coracobrachialis

Who are the secondary movers of shoulder flexion?

Long head of bicep Pec major (Clavicular head)

Who are the secondary movers of shoulder extension?

Long head of tricep Pec major (sternocostal head)

Who are the 4 prime movers of shoulder adduction?

Lats Teres Major Coracobrachialis Long head of Tricep

Out of these 4 muscles that handle Shoulder Internal Rotation, Which is the only SECONDARY MOVER? -Subscap -Lats -Teres Major -Anteror Delt

Anterior Delt, the rest are primary movers

Who is the primary mover in Horizontal Abduction?

Posterior Delt

Who are the Secondary movers in Horizontal Abduction?

Infraspinatous and Long Head of Tricep

Who are the secondary movers in Horizontal Adduction?

Front Delt Coracobrachialis

During suprascapular entrapment, the nerve is entraped. Is the artery also entrapped?

The subacrominal space is considered a potential _____

site of entrapment

What type of Acromion is this?

Type 3, hooked The bad one

What type of Acromion is this?

Type 2, Curved

A type 1 acromion is referred to as:

Flat

What kind of tear is this?

Articular side tear of the supraspinatus tendon

What kind of tear is this?

Bursal side tear of the Supraspinatus tendon

What kind of tear is this?

Full thickness tear of supraspinatus tendon

Using the Glenoid labrum clock analogy, where is this on the clock?

3 o'clock

Using the Glenoid labrum clock analogy, where is this on the clock?

9 O'Clock

Where on the clock is A and B?

A: 4 B: 10

When reaching overhead, what movements do the Scapulothoracic joint do to accomadate this?

upwardly rotating, protracting, and posterior tilting

In in overhead flexion, The glenohumeral joint must ______ in order to clear the acromion

Externally rotate

What movements happen at the clavicle to accomadate overhead flexion of the shoulder?

Elevating and rotating backwards

Total shoulder motion is ____ degrees

180 degrees

Out of 180 degrees, how much does the scapula contribute to shoulder motion?

Out of 180 degrees, how much does the glenohumeral joint contribute to shoulder motion?

120

What is the overall ratio of scapulohumeral rhythm

2:1

Is scapulohumeral rhythm considered linear?

False

Between 0-30 degrees of abduction of the shoulder, how much scapular upward rotation should you see?

Little to none

Between 30 and 120 degrees of humeral abduction, how much scapular upward rotation should you see?

1 degree up upward rotation per 1 degree of humeral abduction. 1:1 ratio

Between 120 and 180 degrees of humeral abduction, how much scapular upward rotation should you see?

Between 2-3 degrees of scapular movement for every 1 degree of humeral movement

What phase of shoulder abduction has an even ratio of scapulothoracic rhythm? Early, Middle, or Late?

Middle phase

How much distraction is normal at the glenohumeral joint?

2-3 cm

The capsule and ligaments at the GHJ are most tight in what position?

90/90. Arm in abduction and external rotation

What Glenohumeral ligament takes the greatest load?

Coracohumeral

The Superior GHL limits what motion?

Limits inferior translation and ER of the adducted shld Limits posterior translation if flexed, adducted, and IR

The Middle GH ligament limits what motion?

limits anterior translation of the humeral head with arm in 90 abduction

The Inferior GH ligament limits what motion?

“hammock” that is the primary static restraint against ant, post, and inferior translation with the arm raised above 45 degrees

The sternoclavicular joint can move what 3 ways?

Elevation/depression Protraction/retraction Posterior/Anterior Rotation

How would you describe the sternoclavicular joint

Synovial saddle type joint

The Sternum is considered the _____ skeleton, while the clavicle is considered the _____ skeleton

Sternum: Axial Skeleton Clavicle: Appendicular skeleton

The "AC" joint is best described as a

Synovial plane joint

What ligament limits motion at the AC joint?

Acromioclavicular ligament

What ligament is considered the roof of the subacromial space

Coracoacromial ligament

The coracoclavicular ligament has 2 parts, which part is most lateral and guides clavicle during rotation?

Trapezoid

The coracoclavicular ligament has 2 parts, which part is medial and prevents vertical displacement?

Conoid

For the first 30 degrees of motion, the clavicle ______, for the last 30 degrees, the clavicle ____

First 30: Elevates Last 30: Posteriorly rotate

What is the parent structure of the Brachial Artery?

Axillary Artery

What is the parent structure of the Axillary Vein

Basillic vein

What is the most common direction of shoulder dislocation?

Second 30º of scapulothoracic ROM needs to have _________ through longitudinal axis of clavicle at AC jt.

50 degrees of clavicular rotation

Triceps attach to the ______ but they get the _____ nerve

Triceps attach to the Olcranon of ULNA. But the triceps are innervated by the RADIAL nerve.

The bicep ____-head and Tricep ____-head prevents dislocation of the shoulder

Bicep short head and Tricep Long head prevent dislocation of shoulder.

When is the Tricep long head especially important for preventing dislocation of shoulder

especially important during adduction