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Anatomy Exam 2 > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

The scapulothoracic joint is a _______ joint

A

Functional joint

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2
Q

What is this area?

A

Subacromial space

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3
Q

What is this structure?

What muscle attaches here?

A

Supraglenoid Tubercle

Long head of Biceps Brachii

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4
Q

What is this structure?

What muscle attaches here?

A

Infraglenoid Tubercle

Long head of Triceps

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5
Q

What is this joint?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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6
Q

What are the 3 Synovial joints of the shoulder?

A

Acromioclavicular

Glenohumeral

Sternoclavicular

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7
Q

The upper arm is referred to as the ______ whereas the lower arm is referred to as _______

A

Upper: Brachium

Lower: Antebrachium

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8
Q

Name these structures top to bottom

A

Top: Anatomical Neck

Bottom: Surgical Neck (Because it’s where the boe usually breaks)

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9
Q

What muscle inserts (distally attaches) here?

A

Coracobrachialis

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10
Q

What are 3 muscle actions of the Bicep Brachii

A

Supinates forearm

Flexes Elbow

Short head resists dislocation of shoulder

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11
Q

Where does the short head of the Biceps Brachii proximally attach?

A

Coracoid Process

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12
Q

Where do both heads of the Biceps Brachii group distally attach?

A

Radial Tuberosity fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the Biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5, (C6), C7)

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14
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Coracobrachialis

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15
Q

What are the actions of the Coracobrachialis

A

Helps flex and adduct arm

resists dislocation of
shoulder

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16
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process of scapula

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17
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Coracobrachialis

A

Middle humerus

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the Coracobrachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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19
Q

What is innervation of the Triceps Brachii

A

Radial Nerve C6 (C7, C8)

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20
Q

The long head of the triceps proximally attaches where?

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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21
Q

The medial head of the triceps proximally attaches where?

A

posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial
groove

(REMEMBER: the Lateral tricep is more groovy than the medial, because the medial one is inferior to the groove and the lateral head is superior to the groove)

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22
Q

The lateral head of the triceps proximally attaches where?

A

posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial
groove

(REMEMBER: the Lateral tricep is more groovy than the medial, because the medial one is inferior to the groove and the lateral head is superior to the groove)

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23
Q

Where is the distal attachment of the Triceps brachii group?

A

olecranon of ulna

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24
Q

What are the muscle actions of the Triceps?

A

Chief extensor of forearm

long head resists dislocation of
humerus; especially important during adduction

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25
Q

What muscle attaches here?

A

Lateral & Medial head of the triceps

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26
Q

What is this structure called?

A

Radial groove

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27
Q

What are structures 1-4?

A
  1. Lateral Head of triceps
  2. Radial Groove of humerus
  3. Long head of triceps
  4. Medial head of triceps
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28
Q

What muscle seperates the Subclavian artery from the axillary artery?

A

Pec minor

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29
Q

What muscle seperates the Axillary artery from the Brachial artery

A

Inferior border of Teres Major

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30
Q

Name arteries 1 through 4

A
  1. Right subclavian artery
  2. Axillary Artery
  3. Brachial Artery
  4. Profunda Brachial Artery
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31
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin in relation to the ribs?

A

Lateral border of first rib

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32
Q

Name these veins in order of top to bottom

A

Cephalic

Brachial

Median Cubital

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33
Q

What are these 2 veins, top to bottom.

A

Top: Axillary Vein

Bottom: Basilic Vein

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34
Q

What artery is this?

A

Profunda Brachii Artery

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35
Q

Who are the prime movers of shoulder flexion?

A

Front delt

Coracobrachialis

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36
Q

Who are the secondary movers of shoulder flexion?

A

Long head of bicep

Pec major (Clavicular head)

37
Q

Who are the secondary movers of shoulder extension?

A

Long head of tricep

Pec major (sternocostal head)

38
Q

Who are the 4 prime movers of shoulder adduction?

A

Lats
Teres Major
Coracobrachialis
Long head of Tricep

39
Q

Out of these 4 muscles that handle Shoulder Internal Rotation, Which is the only SECONDARY MOVER?

-Subscap
-Lats
-Teres Major
-Anteror Delt

A

Anterior Delt, the rest are primary movers

40
Q

Who is the primary mover in Horizontal Abduction?

A

Posterior Delt

41
Q

Who are the Secondary movers in Horizontal Abduction?

A

Infraspinatous and Long Head of Tricep

42
Q

Who are the secondary movers in Horizontal Adduction?

A

Front Delt

Coracobrachialis

43
Q

During suprascapular entrapment, the nerve is entraped. Is the artery also entrapped?

A

No

44
Q

The subacrominal space is considered a potential _____

A

site of entrapment

45
Q

What type of Acromion is this?

A

Type 3, hooked

The bad one

46
Q

What type of Acromion is this?

A

Type 2, Curved

47
Q

A type 1 acromion is referred to as:

A

Flat

48
Q

What kind of tear is this?

A

Articular side tear of the supraspinatus tendon

49
Q

What kind of tear is this?

A

Bursal side tear of the Supraspinatus tendon

50
Q

What kind of tear is this?

A

Full thickness tear of supraspinatus tendon

51
Q

Using the Glenoid labrum clock analogy, where is this on the clock?

A

3 o’clock

52
Q

Using the Glenoid labrum clock analogy, where is this on the clock?

A

9 O’Clock

53
Q

Where on the clock is A and B?

A

A: 4

B: 10

54
Q

When reaching overhead, what movements do the Scapulothoracic joint do to accomadate this?

A

upwardly rotating, protracting, and posterior
tilting

55
Q

In in overhead flexion, The glenohumeral joint must ______ in order to clear the acromion

A

Externally rotate

56
Q

What movements happen at the clavicle to accomadate overhead flexion of the shoulder?

A

Elevating and rotating backwards

57
Q

Total shoulder motion is ____ degrees

A

180 degrees

58
Q

Out of 180 degrees, how much does the scapula contribute to shoulder motion?

A

60

59
Q

Out of 180 degrees, how much does the glenohumeral joint contribute to shoulder motion?

A

120

60
Q

What is the overall ratio of scapulohumeral rhythm

A

2:1

61
Q

Is scapulohumeral rhythm considered linear?

A

False

62
Q

Between 0-30 degrees of abduction of the shoulder, how much scapular upward rotation should you see?

A

Little to none

63
Q

Between 30 and 120 degrees of humeral abduction, how much scapular upward rotation should you see?

A

1 degree up upward rotation per 1 degree of humeral abduction.

1:1 ratio

64
Q

Between 120 and 180 degrees of humeral abduction, how much scapular upward rotation should you see?

A

Between 2-3 degrees of scapular movement for every 1 degree of humeral movement

65
Q

What phase of shoulder abduction has an even ratio of scapulothoracic rhythm?

Early, Middle, or Late?

A

Middle phase

66
Q

How much distraction is normal at the glenohumeral joint?

A

2-3 cm

67
Q

The capsule and ligaments at the GHJ are most tight in what position?

A

90/90. Arm in abduction and external rotation

68
Q

What Glenohumeral ligament takes the greatest load?

A

Coracohumeral

69
Q

The Superior GHL limits what motion?

A

Limits inferior translation
and ER of the adducted shld

Limits posterior
translation if flexed, adducted, and IR

70
Q

The Middle GH ligament limits what motion?

A

limits anterior translation of
the humeral head with arm in 90
abduction

71
Q

The Inferior GH ligament limits what motion?

A

“hammock” that is the
primary static restraint against ant, post, and inferior translation with the arm raised above 45 degrees

72
Q
A
73
Q

The sternoclavicular joint can move what 3 ways?

A

Elevation/depression
Protraction/retraction
Posterior/Anterior Rotation

74
Q

How would you describe the sternoclavicular joint

A

Synovial saddle type joint

75
Q

The Sternum is considered the _____ skeleton, while the clavicle is considered the _____ skeleton

A

Sternum: Axial Skeleton

Clavicle: Appendicular skeleton

76
Q

The “AC” joint is best described as a

A

Synovial plane joint

77
Q

What ligament limits motion at the AC joint?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament

78
Q

What ligament is considered the roof of the subacromial space

A

Coracoacromial ligament

79
Q

The coracoclavicular ligament has 2 parts, which part is most lateral and guides clavicle during rotation?

A

Trapezoid

80
Q

The coracoclavicular ligament has 2 parts, which part is medial and prevents vertical displacement?

A

Conoid

81
Q

For the first 30 degrees of motion, the clavicle ______, for the last 30 degrees, the clavicle ____

A

First 30: Elevates

Last 30: Posteriorly rotate

82
Q

What is the parent structure of the Brachial Artery?

A

Axillary Artery

83
Q

What is the parent structure of the Axillary Vein

A

Basillic vein

84
Q

What is the most common direction of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior

85
Q

Second 30º of scapulothoracic ROM needs to have _________ through longitudinal axis of
clavicle at AC jt.

A

50 degrees of clavicular rotation

86
Q

Triceps attach to the ______ but they get the _____ nerve

A

Triceps attach to the Olcranon of ULNA. But the triceps are innervated by the RADIAL nerve.

87
Q

The bicep ____-head and Tricep ____-head prevents dislocation of the shoulder

A

Bicep short head and Tricep Long head prevent dislocation of shoulder.

88
Q

When is the Tricep long head especially important for preventing dislocation of shoulder

A

especially important during adduction

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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