Elbow and Forearms

Question 1

Normal carrying angle for women?

Answer 1

10-15 degrees of valgus at elbow

Question 2

Normal carrying angle for men?

Answer 2

5-10 degrees

Question 3

What qualifies as cubital valgus for men and women?

Answer 3

Men: 10+ degrees

Women 15+ degrees

Question 4

What qualifies as gunstock deformity for men and women?

Answer 4

Men: Under 5 degrees of cubital valgus

Women: Under 10 degrees of cubital valgus

Question 5

Elbow valgus dissapears when….

Answer 5

The forearm pronates

Question 6

What is this structure on the humerus?

Answer 6

Coronoid Fossa

Question 7

What are these 2 structures of the humerus?

Answer 7

1. Lateral epicondyle
2. Medial epicondyle

Question 8

1.What is this structure of the humerus?

2. What muscle attaches here?

Answer 8

1. Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
2. Brachioradialis

Question 9

1. Name these 2 structures
2. What do they form?

Answer 9

1. 1.Capitulum 2.Trochlea
2. They both form the Condyle of the Humerus

Question 10

What are these two structures situated between the muscles of the arm?

Answer 10

1. Lateral Intermuscular septum
2. Medial Intermuscular septum

Question 11

Name these 2 fossa on the Humerus

Answer 11

1. Radial Fossa
2. Coronoid Fossa

Question 12

The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is for (Flexors/Extensors) ?

Answer 12

Extensors

Question 13

The Medial epicondyle of the humerus is for (Flexors/Extensors) ?

Answer 13

Flexors

Question 14

What is this Fossa on the Humerus?

Answer 14

Olecranon Fossa

Question 15

Identify this structure on the ulna

Answer 15

Radial Notch

Question 16

Identify these 2 structures on the Ulnar

Answer 16

1. Trochlear Notch
2. Supinator Crest

Question 17

The anterior and posterior elbow ligaments are…

Answer 17

Fairly thin and weak

Question 18

The medial and lateral elbow ligaments are

Answer 18

Strong relative to anterior/posterior ligaments

Question 19

Monteggia fracture

Answer 19

ulnar
fracture with dislocation
of radial head

Question 20

Galleazzi fracture

Answer 20

radial fracture
with dislocation of distal
radioulnar joint

Question 21

Humeroradial Joint and humeroulnar joint are considered the

Answer 21

Elbow proper

Question 22

Proximal Radioulnar Joint is considered what kind of joint?

Answer 22

Synovial Pivot joint

Question 23

What muscle is this?

Answer 23

Brachioradialis

Question 24

What muscle is this?

Answer 24

Anconeus

Question 25

What is the proximal attachment of the Anconeus

Answer 25

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 26

What is the distal attachment of the Anconeus

Answer 26

Lateral Olecranon

Question 27

What is the muscle action of the Anconeus

Answer 27

Assists triceps in extending forearm
stabilizes elbow joint
ABDUCT ulna during pronation

Question 28

What is the innervation of the Anconeus

Answer 28

Radial (C7, C8, T1)

Question 29

Name the two pronator muscles

Answer 29

Pronator Teres

Pronator Quadratus

Question 30

Name the two Supinators

Answer 30

“Supinator”

and Biceps Brachii

Question 31

What is muscle 1 and muscle 2?

Answer 31

1. Pronator Teres
2. Pronator Quadratus

Question 32

The Radius and the Ulna articulate with how many joints?

Answer 32

3 Joints

Proximal Radioulnar joint

Fibrous Radioulnar joint (interosseous membrane between shafts)

Distal Radioulnar Joint

Question 33

During pronation the radial head does what?

Answer 33

radial head spins on
capitulum

slides on radial notch of
the ulna stressing joint ligaments and anular ligament

Question 34

True or false: During pronation there is primarily movement from the Ulna

Answer 34

False. During pronation there is very little movement from ulna.

Question 35

True or false: During pronation the Radius functionally shortens

Answer 35

True

Question 36

At the wrist, during pronation, the “ulnar notch” of the radius does what?

Answer 36

The Ulnar Notch of the radius slides ANTERIORLY over the convex surface of ulnar head

Question 37

What is the innervation of the supinator?

Answer 37

PIN of radial nerve c7 (c8)

Question 38

What is the proximal attachment of the supinator

(hint: There are 3)

Answer 38

Lateral epicondyle of humerus;
radial collateral ligament;
annular ligaments;

Question 39

What is the distal attachment of the Supinator

Answer 39

Lateral radius

Question 40

What muscles attach to the medial epicondyle via the “Common flexor tendon”

Answer 40

Pronator Teres

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 41

Name the 4 surface muscles of the anterior forearm from medial to lateral

Hint: finger trick

Answer 41

Most medial: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Pronator Teres

Question 42

What is the innervation of the Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 42

Median Nerve c6 (C7)

Question 43

Where does the Flexor Carpi Radialis distally attach?

Answer 43

Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Question 44

What are the two actions of the Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 44

1. Flex the wrist
2. Radial Deviation of the wrist

Question 45

What are the two muscle actions of the Palmaris Longus

Answer 45

Tense the palmar aponeurosis

Flex the wrist (radiocarpal joint)

*This is the muscle missing in 10-15% of people

Question 46

What is the distal attachment of the Palmaris Longus?

Answer 46

Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Question 47

What are the two muscle actions of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 47

1. Flex the wrist
2. Ulnar Deviation

Question 48

What is the distal attachment of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 48

Pisiform, hook of the hamate, and base of 5th
metacarpal

Question 49

What is the innervation of Pronator Quadratus?

Answer 49

Anterior Interosseous Nerve branch of the Median Nerve (C8) and T1

Question 50

What are the actions of the Pronator Quadratus

Answer 50

Pronate Forearm

Deep fibers bind Radius and Ulna together

Question 51

What is the proximal attachment of the Pronator Quadratus

Answer 51

distal ulna

Question 52

What is the Distal Attachment of the pronator Quadratus

Answer 52

distal radius