Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Regional Orthopedics > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Describe resting position for the GH joint

A

55* abduction, 30* horizontal adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what direction do roll and glide go for the GH joint?

A

roll in the same direction, glides in the opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the CPR for the shoulder?

A

ER > abd > IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is closed pack position for the SC joint?

A

full elevation and protraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is resting position for the AC and SC joints?

A

arm resting at side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the CPR for the AC and SC joints?

A

pain at extreme ROM - especially horizontal adduction & full elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the expected ROM for the shoulder joint?

A 
180 flex/abd
100 horizontal abd
90 ER
70 IR
60 EXT
45 add/horizontal add
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SC joint is a ___ joint, AC joint is a ___ joint.

A

saddle, planar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The SC joint is convex ____ and concave ____.

A

convex superior-to-inferiorly

concave anteriorly-to-posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In order for maximal abduction of the arm to occur, __* of ___ is required.

A

90* of lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In order for the shoulder to abduct 180, the arm has to abduct ___ and the scapula must upwardly rotate __*

A

arm: 120*
scapula: 60*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The rotator cuff helps stabilize/maintain the position of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa. Which depress and which elevate it?

A

depress: infraspinatus, subscap, teres minor, supraspinatus (late stages of abduction)
elevate: deltoid, supraspinatus (early stages of abduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common cause of shoulder pain in adults?

A

impingement syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Impingement syndrome pain has a significant ___ pain component.

A

nocturnal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Extrinsic impingement is a result of ____

A

mechanical wear of rotator cuff against anteroinferior 1/3 of acromion in the suprahumeral space during humeral elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary extrinsic vs. secondary extrinsic impingement are usually due to:

A

primary: anatomical or biomechanical factors
secondary: hypermobility or instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The subacromial space is narrowed by excessive ___ and ___ of the scapula

A

anterior tilt & protraction

internal rotation of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most important function of the inferior GH ligament?

A

supports humeral head above 90* abduction by limiting inferior translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The posterior band of the GH inferior ligament is most effective during __ of the humerus, while the anterior band of this ligament tightens to function most during ___.

A

posterior: medial rotation
anterior: lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How would you perform the Active Compression of O’Brien test?

A

Step 1: Patient’s arm is forward flexed to 90, elbow extended, arm adducted to 10-15 and full pronation.
Step 2: Repeat with forearm fully supinated.
Downward force is applied for each of these.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What would be a (+) result for the active compression of O’Brien test?

A

pain on joint line or painful clicking that is apparent in part 1 but eliminated or decreased in part 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What special test is this?
Patient supine, hold the humerus proximal to the elbow and fully abduct the arm over the patient’s head. Place one hand on posterior aspect of humeral head and push anteriorly while holding the arm in lateral rotation.

A

Clunk test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What special test is this?

Patient’s shoulder is flexed to 90* and medially rotated with elbow flexed to 90*

What can it be adapted to? How?

A

Hawkins-Kennedy

Coracoid impingement test, but you bring the arm 10-20* horizontally adducted before applying medially rotation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A (+) result for the Hawkins-Kennedy test would be either…

A

pain –> supraspinatus tendonosis or secondary impingement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CPR for the acromioclavicular joint is…

A

??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CPR for the sternoclavicular joint is…

A

pain at extreme end ROM - especially horizontal adduction and elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

During abduction at the GHJ, the first _ ribs ____, while all others elevate

A

2 ribs descend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When the arm abducts at the GHJ, the clavicle will __ and ___ rotate

A

elevate & posteriorly rotate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

If total arm elevation is 180*, how much is scapulothoracic?

A

60*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

GH head depressors include:

A

SITS mm - supraspinatus only in mid to late stages of abduction

31
Q

GH head elevators include:

A

supraspinatus (early stages)

deltoid

32
Q

What is the most common cause of shoulder pain in adults?

A

impingement syndromes

33
Q

Impingement syndromes see pinching of the rotator cuff and subacromial tissues between the ___ and ____

A

coracoacromial arch and proximal humerus

34
Q

This shoulder condition has a “toothache like discomfort with a significant nocturnal component”

A

impingement syndromes

35
Q

Extrinsic impingement is believed to occur as a result of the RC mm against the _____ of the ____

A

anteroinferior 1/3 of the acromion in the suprahumeral space during elevation of the humerus

36
Q

Differentiate external (primary & secondary) vs. internal impingement

A

external occurs anteriorly

internal occurs posteriorly

37
Q

Who does internal impingement most commonly occur in, and what happens?

A

overhead athletes get the undersurface of the RC mm caught with the posterior-superior glenoid labrum when arm is pretty close to being in closed pack position

38
Q

What three tests would you use to confirm a shoulder impingement dx?

A

Hawkins-Kennedy, infraspinatus test, and painful arc

39
Q

What distinguishes stage 2 from stage 1 impingement?

A

pain at night, not alleviated by rest

40
Q

What distinguishes stage 3 from stage 2 impingement?

A

diffuse pain may refer to wrist
usually after 40yoa - M/C with women

degeneration & bony changes

41
Q

Describe stage 4 impingement

A

complete RC mm tear & atrophy
surgical candidates
usually necessary to limit GH movements

42
Q

Where is the subacromial bursa found?

A

between the acormiom/deltoid muscle and the supraspinatus muscle

43
Q

Which shoulder bursa typically DOES communicate with the joint capsule?

A

subscapular bursa

44
Q

Describe the pain character/onset of bursitis

A

acute pain arising suddenly over 12-72 hours building to severe, disabling pain

intense, dull, throbbing, often with referral - all movements limited & painful. disturbs sleep

EMPTY end feel (cannot complete ROM d/t extreme pain)

45
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation occurs when…

A

an anterior force is applied to the arm in abd & ER

46
Q

Repetitive forces against a forward flexed humerus OR a FOOSH can result in…

A

posterior dislocation

47
Q

Which type of shoulder dislocation is commonly seen in people with hemiplegia?

A

inferior

48
Q

4 possible directions for shoulder dislocation are:

A

subacromial, subglenoid, subclavicular, and subspinous

49
Q

Which location of humeral dislocation is most common?

A

subcoracoid (anterior & inferior)

50
Q

Sulcus sign is associated with ___, step deformity is associated with ___

A

sulcus: dislocations

step deformity: A/C separation

51
Q

The foramen of Weitbreicht is found where?

A

between the superior and middle GH ligaments

52
Q

Which 3 ligaments can be affected with AC sprains/separations? Where do they attach?

A

CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENTS: trapezoid: coracoid process & clavicle
conoid: coracoid process & clavicle (more medial)

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENTS

53
Q

Which 3 ligaments can be affected with AC sprains/separations? Where do they attach?

A

CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENTS: trapezoid: coracoid process & clavicle
conoid: coracoid process & clavicle (more medial)

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENTS

54
Q

Differentiate grade 1 vs. grade 2 AC separation/sprain

A

grade 2 sees sublux of AC joint and disruption of AC ligaments, step deformity

grade 1 sees damage to AC without displacement of clavicle

55
Q

Pain from labral tears will be described as at what location, typically?

A

posterior or posterior-superior joint line, especially in abd, exacerbated by overhead and behind the back arm movements

56
Q

What is a BANKART LESION?

A

tear of the anteroinferior labrum, M/C d/t traumatic anterior dislocation leading to anterior instability

57
Q

What is a SLAP LESION

A

superior labrum injured possibly involving the biceps

58
Q

Bankart lesion is found at what clock position of the labrum?

A

3pm-7pm

59
Q

SLAP lesion is found at what clock position of the labrum?

A

10am-2pm

60
Q

True or false: labrum tx goals include posterior capsule stretching

A

True

61
Q

Are intraarticular adhesions of adhesive capsulitis a cause or result?

A

may be more of a result… unsure

62
Q

Adhesive capsulitis humeroscapular movement ratio is usually…

A

1:1

63
Q

What are the 3 stages of frozen shoulder?

A

1 - freezing (gradual onset, pain at night)
2 - frozen (pain diminishing, possible disuse atrophy)
3 - thawing (pain local to lateral arm & diminishing, motion/function gradually return)

64
Q

Which 3 RC mm are most frequently torn?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis

65
Q

What is Kehr’s sign?

A

Kehr’s sign is the occurrence of acute pain in the tip of the shoulder due to the presence of blood or other irritants in the peritoneal cavity when a person is lying down and the legs are elevated

66
Q

The liver/gallbladder refer pain to the… the left shoulder will feel pain referred from the…

A

right shoulder… spleen

67
Q

Which type of SLAP lesion is: bucket-handle tear of labrum that may displace into joint, labral biceps attachment still intact

A

type III

68
Q

Which type of SLAP lesion is: bucket handle tear of labrum extending into biceps tendon, allowing the tendon to sublux into joint

A

Type 4

69
Q

What is the most common type of slap lesion? Describe it

A

Type II: superior labrum has small tear, instability of labral-biceps complex

70
Q

Differentiate grade 1 and 2 shoulder impingements

A

grade 1: pure impingement with no instability

grade 2: secondary impingement and instability d/t chronic capsular or labral microtrauma

71
Q

Differentiate grades 3 and 4 of shoulder impingement

A

Grade III: secondary impingement and instability d/t generalized hypermobility/laxity
Grade IV: primary instability, no impingement

72
Q

Differentiate grade 1 vs. grade 4 shoulder impingement

A

1: pure impingement with no instability
4: primary instability with no impingement

73
Q

What is the typical MOI for a Galeazzi fracture? What IS a Galeazzi fracture?

A

spiral fracture of radial shaft at RUJ , may include ulnar nerve lesion

FOOSH with rotational component

74
Q

What is the typical MOI for a Monteggia fracture, and what is it?

A

direct blow to anterior forearm

dorsally angulated fracture and dislocation of radial head

Regional Orthopedics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions