Short-Term and Working Memory Flashcards
1
Q
What is Short Term Memory?
A
- Involves immediate recall or short delay
- On the order of seconds
2
Q
What’s the difference between STM & Working Memory?
A
- STM temporarily stores information
- Working Memory not only stores, but manipulates information to allow people to perform complex tasks (reasoning)
3
Q
Digit Span
A
- Used in the late 19th century
- Designed for intelligence tests (WAIS)
- The number of items that you’re able to recall (including chunks)
4
Q
Chaining
A
- In memory of sequence: A to B to C to D
- Each item is associated with the next
- Recall begins with first and evokes the second
5
Q
Context
A
- We use context as a retrieval cue
6
Q
Primacy
A
- Earlier items receive more activation
- Items recalled in order of strength
7
Q
Word Length Effect
A
- Words with more syllables recalled less frequently
8
Q
Articulatory Suppression
A
- Tasks that require vocalizing and memorizing simultaneously
- E.g. counting backwards by threes
9
Q
Trace Decay
A
Rapid fading of a short-term memory trace.
10
Q
Proactive Interference
A
Prior trials interfere with recall of subsequent items
11
Q
Working Memory
A
- Allows for manipulation of STM during complex tasks
- Also retrieve information from LTM
- Hold that information & change it
- THAT’S WM!
12
Q
Phonological Buffer
A
Verbal STM
13
Q
Central Executive
A
- Ability to pay attention to things
- Random number generation blocks this
