Categorization Flashcards
1
Q
Classical View of Categorization
A
- We categorize things based on defining features
- Necessary & Sufficient Conditions
- Necessary: If you do not satisfy conditions, then you are not a member of the category.
- Sufficient: If you satisfy conditions, then you are a member of the category. No nonmember satisfies conditions.
2
Q
Prototypes
A
- Build a central, ideal, prototypical idea as an archetypal example
- List features that are typically associated with the prototype
- Calculate similarity of new examples to prototype
- Key Point: these are probabilistically associated, NOT necessary or sufficient.
3
Q
Exemplar View
A
- Store many exemplars & their categories rather than a single, prototypical example
- Calculate similarity of new examples to old ones
4
Q
Multidimensional Scaling Approach
A
Represent items by:
- Dimensions
- Values on dimensions (think graph-axis)
- Calculate the distance on these dimensions (e.g. pythagorean theorem)
5
Q
Tsversky’s Model (1977)
A
- Similarity
- Calculate common & distinct features
- Subtract each object’s distinct features
6
Q
Alignment-Based Model
A
- Attributes
- Relations
- It’s a matter of what goes with what
7
Q
Theory Theory
A
- Causation & causal relations
- These plan an explanatory role
8
Q
Transformational Distance
A
- Count number of operations required to transform one entity so it is identical to the other
