Short Questions

Question 1

maternal imprinting

Answer 1

marking of maternal genes, in which methylation causes silencing

Question 2

uniparental disomy

Answer 2

2 alleles are inherited from a single parent

Question 3

which elements of cortical synaptic circuits are particularly important in the development of PSD?

Answer 3

dendrites and spines of pyramidal neurons

Question 4

where are the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain?

Answer 4

dendritic spines: post-synaptic

Question 5

filodopia are?

Answer 5

immature spines

Question 6

mushroom spines are?

Answer 6

mature

Question 7

age of peak spine density:

Answer 7

1-2 years

Question 8

when does pruning occur?

Answer 8

adolescence and adulthood

Question 9

what is the structural basis for learning and encoding memories?

Answer 9

spine modification

Question 10

activity-dependent changes in spines

Answer 10

Hebbian and Homeostatic

Question 11

how does LTP affect spines?

Answer 11

increases size and number of spines

Question 12

how does LTD affect spines?

Answer 12

decreases spines

Question 13

describe the relationship between miRNAS and epigenetic regulation.

Answer 13

reciprocal

Question 14

describe how mIRNAS alter gene expression?

Answer 14

reduce translation/ break down mRNA by binding to UTS of mRNA

Question 15

how do miRNAS affect gene expression?

Answer 15

reduce translation by binding to UTR

Question 16

enzymatic targets of miRNAS

Answer 16

DNMT, HDAC

Question 17

miRNA epigenetic feedback loop is involved in what processes?

Answer 17

apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation