Short anwers Flashcards
Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the genotype frequency of 100 cats if there are 84 black(dominant phenotype ) and 16 white (recessive phenotype).
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
BB + Bb + bb = 1.
Name four of the five assumptions a population must meet to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
No mutations No gene transfers; immigration or emigration Random mating Large population size No selection
Name four of the five agents of evolutionary change.
Mutation Genetic drift Gene flow Assertive mating Selection
Give a real-world example of a bottleneck effect and how it impacted that species.
Northern elephant seal: the massive amount of population death was caused by a decrease in genetic variation.
What three conditions must be met for natural selection to occur?
Variation must exist
Variation genetically
Must lead to differences in offspring
Explain the three different kinds of selection
Stabilizing Acts to eliminate both extremes Disruptive Acts to eliminate the intermediate Directional Acts to eliminate one extreme
What are five of the seven reproductive isolating mechanisms?
Prezygotic
Biological
Ecological
Isolation
Temporal
Behavioral
Mechanical
Prevention of
gamete
fusion
Postzygotic
Hybrid inviability
InfertilityWhat is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
Allopatric
Speciation caused by geographically differences.
Sympatric
Evolves from a single ancestor without geographical separation(polyploidy).
Name six of the eight fundamental properties of life
Cellular organization Sensitivity Growth Development Reproduction Regulation Homeostasis Heredity
Describe the lytic and lysogenic reproductive cycles of bacteriophages
Lytic cycle Infects cell Circulates, remaining separate from host DNA Phage DNa replicates, Proteins are made (3) phage particles are made Cell lyses particles are released
Lysogenic cycle
Infects cell
Incorporates its DNA into host DNA
Host cell replicates, phage DNA is passed on
Under stressful conditions the phage enter the lytic cycle at stage three
Name three prokaryotes and their associated diseases or functions
S. sobrinus Tooth decay Treponema pallidum syphilis M. Staphylococcus MRSA
Describe the process of conjugation
A process in which two organisms share genetic material through direct contact. One organism is the donor and the other is the recipient.
Name three protists and give two key characteristics of each.
Rhizopoda
Move by means of cytoplasmic projections called pseudopods
Diplomonads
Moves with flagella, 2 nuclei
Parabasalids
Moves with a flagella, lacks a mitochondria
Euglenozoa
All have a flexible pellicle, no sexual reproduction
Describe the parts of a flower
Pistil Female organ of a flower Stigma Tip that catches pollen Ovary Swollen base that holds ovules Style Connects stigma and ovary Stamen Male organ of flower Anther Pollen bearing Filament Stalk
Name four of the seven major phyla of fungi and give an example.
Asmyocota morels Basidmyocota mushrooms Glomeromycota Glomus Mycirdomyocota E. cuncili Blastocladiomycota allomyces Chytridiomycota Allomyces
