short answers mitosis and meiosis Flashcards
Explain how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out most of the work of the cells.
The structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins through transcription and translation, because in translation the mRNA code is read and translated into a protein, and in transcription, mRNA carries the gene’s protein information.
Assess how meiosis contributes to genetic variation but mitosis does not.
Meiosis contributes to genetic variation through the processes of crossing over and independent assortment, while mitosis does not because it produces 2 identical daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell, therefore it ensures that the same chromosomes are passed down, while meiosis has genetic variability.
Illustrate how nondisjunction occurs during meiosis.
Nondisjunction in meiosis is when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly during anaphase, resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis has 2 identical daughter cells, produces cells with 46 chromosomes, mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction, and mitosis only divides once and produces 2 daughter cells. On the other hand, meiosis produces 4 haploid cells from a single diploid cell, produces gametes that each have 23 chromosomes, meiosis is a form of sexual reproduction, and divides twice. Similarities between the 2 include that cell division occurs in both meiosis and mitosis, and PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase) occurs in both meiosis and mitosis as well.
