biomolecules review

Question 1

Organic

Answer 1

-molecules based on carbon
-usually associated with living things
-carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 2

Inorganic

Answer 2

-molecules not based on carbon and hydrogen
-usually associated with nonliving things

Question 3

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 3

Mixtures in which the composition is not the same throughout the mixture

Question 4

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 4

Contains 2 or more substances that are evenly distributed with each other

Question 5

Solution

Answer 5

homogeneous Mixture that is made up of a solute dissolved within a solvent

Question 6

Solvent

Answer 6

substances with the ability to dissolve other substances to form a solution

Question 7

Solute

Answer 7

substance dissolved in a solution

Question 8

PH-

Answer 8

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 9

acids- chemical makeup and relative numbers on the PH scale

Answer 9

acids are a solution with a pH lower than 7, chemical makeup is hydrogen(?)

Question 10

base

Answer 10

solution with a pH higher than 7

Question 11

adhesion

Answer 11

binding of 2 or more cells together or the binding of a cell to a surface through cell adhesion molecules

Question 12

cohesion

Answer 12

attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind

Question 13

density

Answer 13

weight of water per unit volume, depends on water temp

Question 14

universal solvent

Answer 14

water is the universal solvent because its capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid by forming strong hydrogen bonds

Question 15

freezing point

Answer 15

temp at which a liquid turns into a solid when cooled, 32 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 16

boiling point

Answer 16

temp at which water boils of the substance (liquid to gas), 212 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 17

carbs- chemical makeup, functions, kcal/g, examples

Answer 17

chemical makeup- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
functions- energy source
kcal/g- 4
examples- glucose, fructose, sucrose

Question 18

lipids- chemical makeup, functions, kcal/g, examples

Answer 18

chemical makeup- carbon, hydrogen (main 2 elements), but also sometimes consist of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
functions- moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins, making hormones
kcal/g- 9
examples- cholesterol, steroids, waxes

Question 19

proteins- chemical makeup, functions, kcal/g, examples

Answer 19

chemical makeup- long chains of amino acids, bonded together by peptide linkages (polypeptides), atoms in amino acids mainly consist of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
functions- balances fluids, hormones, helps repair and build body tissue
kcal/g- 4
examples- meat, nuts, eggs, etc

Question 20

enzymes

Answer 20

proteins that speed up metabolism

Question 21

catalysts

Answer 21

increase the rate of all chemical reactions within cells

Question 22

substrate

Answer 22

molecule that an enzyme reacts with

Question 23

activation energy

Answer 23

enzymes reduce the activation energy, increases rate and reaction

Question 24

active site

Answer 24

space on the surface of an enzyme

Question 25

DNA- structure (shape, sugar, nucleotides)

Answer 25

shape- double helix sugar- deoxyribose nucleotides- basic building block of nucleic acids function- contains directions to make proteins

Question 26

nitrogen base pairing (DNA)-

Answer 26

AGCT (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) adenine and thymine are always paired, guanine and cytosine

Question 27

who were Watson, Crick, and Franklin?

Answer 27

Watson, Crick, and Franklin were scientists who figured out DNA structure

Question 28

genes

Answer 28

code for protein

Question 29

chromosomes

Answer 29

molecules of DNA in the nucleus

Question 30

RNA-structure (shape, sugar)

Answer 30

shape- single stranded molecule, single helix sugar- ribose function- copies DNA, transports nucleic acids

Question 31

nitrogen base pairing (RNA)-

Answer 31

AGUC (adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine) adenine pairs with uracil, guanine pairs with cytosine