Short Answer Questions

Question 1

Identify and explain the beliefs that, according to Professor Daniel Dorling (2010), uphold social inequality and injustice

Answer 1

• efficiency of elitism (e.g uni fees)
• necessity of exclusion (excluded from social norms due to poverty)
• naturalness of prejudice (prejudices rise and fall as people promote/teach them)
• positive effects of greed (high cost of housing is due to greed - rich people+investments)
• inevitability of despair (humans not mentally immune to rising elitism, exclusion, prejudice, greed) causes depression and anxiety from insecurity of competition

Question 2

Explain the nature and impact of gender inequality on women in relation to social, fiscal and occupational welfare

Answer 2

Occupational: Women make up majority of underemployed workers, women occupy most part-time roles (related to caring), women earn less than men even when working full time, women less likely to participate in workforce, historically seen as unskilled underclass

Fiscal:

• fiscal (regressive) favours those on high income (women disadvantaged)
• disadvantaged by super because they have lower wages/tend to do more caring (low income or casual work force/ not enough time)

Social:
housing: women are lower income/problems w/accessibility/affordability cheap housing

Question 3

Explain the importance of work to the welfare of Australians

Answer 3

• work seen as best form of welfare as it promotes participation, inclusion and well-being
• participation is paid workforce is promoted as major means of achieving well-being
• without paid work there’s limited access to resources
• lesser social status (work is intrinsic to social life in industrialised societies)
• it contributes to how we define ourselves in community
• those who are unemployed are socially excluded

Question 4

Using examples, identify and explain the three aspects of citizenship rights described by
T.H. Marshall (1950).

Answer 4

Civil: right to freedom (liberty, speech, thought, faith), own property, justice before law
Political: right to participate political power (vote/protest)
Social: right to welfare, live according to social norms

Question 5

Explain the mixed economy of care as it applies to the provision of support to Australians
with disabilities.

Answer 5

Income: Cwealth, Insurance
Accommodation: Personal, community agencies, State
Personal Care: Community agencies, private, personal (fin: state/pers)
Domestic help: community agencies, private personal (fin: state/pers)
- Aids/equipment: pers. (fin: state/pers./ charities)
Rehab: state, private (fin: state/cwealth/priv.)
Employment: community agencies,priv. (fin: cwealth)

Question 6

Identify and explain the four key objectives of Australia’s social security system.

Answer 6

• poverty prevention: eg. bob hawke aim to completely alleviate child poverty (unemployment/sickness benefit/ child care fee assistance)
• poverty reduction: NDIS reduce poverty disability/ pensions
• poverty alleviation: (disaster payment/ parenting payment)
• income replacement (maintain living standard/status, minimal safety net/ cash vs discounts?)

Question 7

Identify and discuss the key principles in the design of a fair tax system.

Answer 7

• progressive not regressive (w/ more should pay more%)
• horizontal equity (same situation same treatment)
• vertical equity (different capacity different treatment)
• create incentives 4 economic activity
• simple (transparent, accountable, easy administer)

Question 8

Identify and explain five ways in which Indigenous Australians are disadvantaged when
compared to non-Indigenous Australians.

Answer 8

• Unemployment rates worse (due to education,skills,discrimination,location)
• educational disadvantage
• socioeconomic status: poorer education thus employment outcomes/ lifestyle conditions
• accessibility to health services due to poor socioeconomic conditions
• proficiency in standard australian english
• suffer elitism (no right to quality education?)
• racial discrimination (welfare quarantining)