Short answer

Question 1

List/identify the four ideal types of societies

Answer 1

Tool-using society
Craft-making society
Industrial system-based society
Technological society

Question 2

Tool-using society time period

Answer 2

70,000 ya - 10,000 BCE

Question 3

Craft-making society time period

Answer 3

10,000 BCE - 1800 CE

Question 4

Industrial system-based society time period

Answer 4

ca. 1800 CE - 2000 CE

Question 5

Technological society time period

Answer 5

ca. 2000 CE - present

Question 6

Four main characteristics of crafts as a form of technology

Answer 6

Handicraft technology
Custom production
Application of craft knowledge and experience
Socially organized production

Question 7

Explain handicraft technology

Answer 7

Built with hand tools; low power

Question 8

Explain custom production

Answer 8

Manufactured one at a time, small batches; highly flexible

Question 9

Explain application of craft knowledge and experience

Answer 9

Rather than scientifically based knowledge; often secretive

Question 10

Explain socially organized production

Answer 10

Initially through specialized division of labor; payer into craft guilds, then professions

Question 11

List the six general features of an ideal society

Answer 11

Technological form
Energy regime
Economy
Social organization
Environment
Values

Question 12

Explain the technological form of an ideal craft-based society

Answer 12

“Handicrafts” - each piece is made with basic tools, requiring skills and no modern mechanization

Question 13

Explain the energy regime of an ideal craft-based society

Answer 13

Organic energy regime

• energy derived from vegetable sources based on photosynthesis
• power derived from animal and human muscle

Question 14

Explain the economy of an ideal craft based society

Answer 14

Organic economy
Land was principle asset
Low economic growth rates, slow technological innovation
Malthusian trap - limited population growth

Question 15

Explain the Social organization of an ideal craft based society

Answer 15

Agrarian social organization
Land was principal asset, source of social power
-reflected social class system in which owners possessed advantage
Agriculture provided food and employment

Question 16

Explain the environment of an ideal craft-based society

Answer 16

Close dependence on natural world for energy, food, technical materials
Overwhelmingly inhabited and developed surface of earth

Question 17

Explain the values of an ideal craft based society

Answer 17

Conservative values

• crafts reinforced traditional values of dominant social elites
• attitude of resistance to technological innovation