Short answer Flashcards
1972 Munich Games
The Munich massacre was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian terrorist group Black September, who took nine members of the Israeli Olympic team hostage, after killing two more.
Arab Spring
was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. It began in response to corruption and economic stagnation and was first started in Tunisia. The goal of these rebellions was to removed authoritarian rulers from power.
Intifadas
the Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987.
1943 National Pact
power-sharing arrangement established in 1943 between Lebanese Christians and Muslims whereby the president is always a Maronite Christian and the prime minister a Sunni Muslim.
OPEC
The term Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) refers to a group of 13 of the world’s major oil-exporting nations. OPEC was founded in 1960 to coordinate the petroleum policies of its members and to provide member states with technical and economic aid.
Syrian Civil War
Multi-sided civil war in Syria between the Syrian Arab Public. It was led by Bashar al-Assad. This unrest began on March 15th 2011 as part of the wider Arab Spring Protests because of discontent with the Syrian Gov. Armed conflict as the people who called for Assads removal were violently suppressed.
Muslim Brotherhood
ounded in Egypt in the 1920s, the Brotherhood is one of the most influential Islamist organizations in the the world, mixing religious teaching with political activism and social welfare programs. The group came to national power—winning the presidency in Egypt—amid the Arab Spring in the early 2010s. But a military junta ended its rule in 2013 and has since imprisoned thousands of its members.
D’Arcy Oil Concession
The oil concession gave D’Arcy the exclusive rights to prospect for oil in Persia (now Iran) During this exploration for oil, D’Arcy and his team encountered financial troubles and struggled to find sellable amounts of oil. Facing high costs, they were about to give up but eventually struck large commercial quantities of oil in 1908.
Suez Canal Crisis
The Suez Crisis began on October 29th, 1956, when Israeli armed forced pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal after Gamal Abdel nationalized the canal. Egypt was victorious, and the British, French, and Israeli gov. withdrew their troops in late 1956.
Phalange
a Christian political party in Lebanon. The party played a major role in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)
Balfour Agreement
The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British government in 1917 during the First World War announcing support for the establishment of a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine,
Altalena Affair
The Altalena Affair was a violent confrontation that took place in June 1948 by the newly created Israel Defense Forces against the Irgun, one of the Jewish paramilitary groups that were in the process of merging to form the IDF.
David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion was the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Gurion led Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and united the various Jewish militias into the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Subsequently, he became known as “Israel’s founding father”.
