History Final Multiple Choice

Question 1

Ottoman officer who founded the Republic of Turkey and became its first president

Answer 1

Kemal Mustafa Ataturk

Question 2

Persian ruler who agreed to the D’Arcy oil concession with Britain in 1901

Answer 2

Muzzafir ad-Din Shah

Question 3

Officer who seized control of Persia in 1921 and claimed the title of Shah in 1925

Answer 3

Reza Khan Pahlavi Shah

Question 4

British High Commissioner of Palestine

Answer 4

Sir Herbert Samuel

Question 5

Name for the Jewish settler community in the British Mandate of Palestine

Answer 5

Yishuv

Question 6

Jewish defense force created to protect settlers in Palestine

Answer 6

Haganah

Question 7

Leader of the Revisionist Zionist movement

Answer 7

Vladimir Jabotinsky

Question 8

Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. He was assassinated in 1948

Answer 8

Hassan al-Banna

Question 9

Egyptian officer who led the 1952 coup that toppled the Wafd government

Answer 9

Gamal Nasser

Question 10

Egyptian general who was installed as the first president of the Egyptian republic after the 1952 coup

Answer 10

Muhammad Naguib

Question 11

Countries that tried to capture the Suez Canal after Egypt nationalized it in 1956

Answer 11

Britain, France, and Israel

Question 12

Country that merged with Egypt in 1958 for the United Arab Republic

Answer 12

Syria

Question 13

US-led treaty organization created in 1954-55 in the Middle East intended to contain the Soviet Union. Egypt refused to join.

Answer 13

Baghdad Pact

Question 14

Arab nationalist party founded by Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Britar in Syria in 1946

Answer 14

Ba’ath Partyd

Question 15

The presidency of Lebanon is filled by members of this religious denomination according to the National Pact

Answer 15

Maronite Christian

Question 16

Movement that historically supported the Saudi family in Arabia

Answer 16

Wahhabi

Question 17

Royal family that rules Arabia

Answer 17

Saudi

Question 18

Iraqi general who overthrew Faysal II in a coup in Iraq in 1958

Answer 18

Abd al-Karim Qasim

Question 19

Population in northern Iraq that makes up 20-25% of the country. Qasim, the Arifs. and Saddam Hussein all fought bloody wars to suppress them.

Answer 19

Kurds

Question 20

President from the Turkish Democratic Party who replaced the Republican People’s Party president in the 1950 election

Answer 20

Celal Bayar

Question 21

Turkish prime minister who was hanged after the 1960 coup

Answer 21

Adnan Menderes

Question 22

Iranian crown prince placed on the throne after the British removed his father from power in 1941

Answer 22

Muhammad Reza Pahlavi

Question 23

Iranian prime minister from the Tudeh Party who nationalized Iranian oil but was deposed in a coup engineered by the CIA

Answer 23

Muhammad Mossadeq

Question 24

Islamic cleric who criticized the Iranian monarchy and engineered the Islamic revolution of 1979 in Iran

Answer 24

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Question 25

Arab-Israeli war that left Israel in control of the Sinai Peninsula and West Bank

Answer 25

1967 Six-Day War

Question 26

Egyptian official who succeed Gamal Nasser as president in 1970

Answer 26

Anwar Sadat

Question 27

Israeli political power that supplanted the Labour Party in the 1970's

Answer 27

Likud

Question 28

Palestinian who led the PLO starting in 1969

Answer 28

Yasser Arafat

Question 29

Druze leader who created a political coalition called the Lebanese National Movement

Answer 29

Kemal Jumblatt

Question 30

Israeli general who masterminded Israel's victory in the 1967 war, but was also complicit in allowing Phalange fighters to massacre Palestinian refugees at Sabra and Shatila

Answer 30

Ariel Sharon

Question 31

Country invaded by Saddam Hussein in 1990 leading to the First Gulf War

Answer 31

Kuwait

Question 32

Ethnic group protected by the UN no-fly zone in northern Iraq after the First Gulf War

Answer 32

Kurds

Question 33

Israeli prime minister whose assassination in 1995 harmed the implementation of the Oslo Peace Accords between Israel and the Palestinians

Answer 33

Yitzhak Rabin

Question 34

Al-Qaeda leader who was the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks

Answer 34

Osama bin Laden

Question 35

Nation from which the majority of the 9/11 suicide bombers came

Answer 35

Saudi Arabia

Question 36

US prison in Iraq that was the site of torture and prisoner abuse

Answer 36

Abu Ghraib

Question 37

North African country that sparked the Arab Spring with protests

Answer 37

Tunisia

Question 38

Egyptian president who stepped down due to the demonstration in the Tahrir Square

Answer 38

Hosni Mubarak

Question 39

Syrian president who had held onto power through a brutal civil war

Answer 39

Bashar al-Assad

Question 40

Nation that backs the Shi'ite Houthis in the civil war in Yemen

Answer 40

Iran