Short and long term memory Flashcards
STM (Short-Term Memory):
STM: Lmited capacity and duration; stores information acoustically.
LTM (Long-Term Memory):
LTM: Unlimited capacity and duration; stores information semantically.
How was STM Capacity assessed in Joseph Jacobs, 1887 experiment?
Assessed using digit span tasks (Joseph Jacobs, 1887). Average span: 9.3 for digits, 7.3 for letters.
George Miller (1956): “Magic Number 7 ± 2”. STM stores 7 items (±2). Chunking can help extend capacity.
What was the average span for digits and letters from STM Capacity assessed in Joseph Jacobs, 1887 experiment?
Average span: 9.3 for digits, 7.3 for letters.
What is George Miller’s (1956) magic number for STM storage?
George Miller (1956): “Magic Number 7 ± 2”. STM stores 7 items (±2). Chunking can help extend capacity.
What was Peterson and Peterson’s (1959) STM Duration experiment
method?
Peterson and Peterson (1959): 24 students recalled trigrams after intervals (3–18 seconds) with distractor tasks.
What was Peterson and Peterson’s (1959) STM Duration experiment
findings?
Results: 90% correct after 3 seconds; 2% correct after 18 seconds.
What was Peterson and Peterson’s (1959) STM Duration
conclusion?
STM duration = ~18 seconds.
What was Bahrick et al. (1975) LTM Duration experiment
method?
Bahrick et al. (1975): 392 participants tested on memory of classmates’ names/faces after 15–48 years.
Results: ~60% accuracy for names/faces after 48 years.
What was Bahrick et al. (1975) LTM Duration experiment
findings?
Results: ~60% accuracy for names/faces after 48 years.
What was Baddeley’s (1966) STM Coding experiment
findings?
Baddeley (1966): Participants struggled to recall acoustically similar words (e.g., cat, cab).
What is STM coding primarily?
Primarily acoustic.
What was Baddeley’s (1966) LTM Coding experiment
findings?
Baddeley (1966): Struggled with semantically similar words (e.g., large, big).
What is LTM coding primarily?
Primarily semantic.
What did Bahrick et al. (1975) test?
Tested real-life memory using high school yearbooks for LTM duration.
What did Peterson and Peterson (1959) test?
Used controlled lab tasks to investigate STM duration.
What did Baddeley (1966) test?
Experimental lab study investigated STM and LTM coding.
