Shock drugs crossword Flashcards
characteristic of aortic dissection that makes it an emergency, otherwise an urgency?
ascending
if this is in the venous blood, it can cause obstructive shock
fat
other than for anaphylactic shock, this tends to be the best ionotropic/vasoconstrictor agent for treating shock
norepinephrine
used in addition to jugular venous distention to pinpoint the cause of hypotension and guide its treatment
lung sound
the alpha one agonist administered if there is a need for vasoconstriction when beta1 stimulation causes arrhythmias or TPR remains low during beta 1 stimulation
phenylephrine
selectively dilates the venous side of the circulation; useful if hypertensive emergency is associated with acute pulmonary edema
nitroglycerin
drug class used to treat the pain and inflammation of pericarditis
NSAIDs
blocks microtubule formation, useful in treating acute and recurrent pericarditis because it disrupts the leukocyte infiltration of the pericardium
colchicine
lactic acid build up when tissue lacks oxygen causes this
acidosis
what could cause hypertensive emergency?
acute ischemic stroke
intracellular form of this occurs when cells are anoxic
edema
what is a potential adverse effect of anaphylactic shock?
coronary vasoconstriction
potential adverse effect of shock; can also cause hypertensive emergency
acute kidney failure
toxicity (irreversible neurologic changes, cardiac arrest) associated with prolong use of nitroprusside to control blood pressure, thiosulfate is the antidote
cyanide
early non-selective alpha adrenergic blocker with short half life that still has use during hypertensive emergencies caused by catecholamine excess
phentolamine
ultra-short acting dihydropyridine CCB used for hypertensive emergencies
clevidipine
attempting to keep a patient with this includes using drugs (e.g. esmolol and labetalol) to lower heart rate to less than 60 bpm and SBP to 100-120
aortic dissection
along with mixed venous oxygen tension, this is generally increased during the early “hyperdynamic” phase of septic shock due to the fall in systemic vascular resistance
cardiac output
if hypertensive emergency due to an intracranial hemorrhage, what should you do?
use IV drugs to lower BP to less than 220 but not less than 140
IV formulation of an ACEi administered orally as a prodrug, this can be useful when the underlying cause of a hypertensive emergency leads to high levels of renin secretion (e.g. acute unilateral renal stenosis)
enalaprilat
non-adrenergic vasoconstrictor used as adjunct therapy in shock
vasopressin
causes respiratory distress, tracheal deviation, and decreased venous return leading to obstructive shock
tension pneumothorax
dilates arterial and venous circulation, given IV, short half life allows hypertensive effect to be controlled with dial
nitroprusside
preferentially stimulates beta 1 receptors in the heart to increased cardiac output if needed when treating shock, but also see some stimulation of peripheral beta-2 receptors
dobutamine
refers to the hypertensive crisis that can occur with the use of cocaine, amphetamines, etc., or with the abrupt discontinuation of alpha 2 agonists or beta blockers after a period of use to control blood pressure
sympathomimetic
adverse effect seen with anaphylactic shock that is treated with epinephrine but not norepinephrine
bronchoconstriction
agent that stimulates beta receptors at lower doses and both alpha and beta receptors at higher doses; no evidence of meaningful renal sparing from vasoconstrictor effects because of D1 receptor stimulation
dopamine
how does pericarditis appear on EKG?
PR depression and concave ST elevation in multiple leads
alpha/beta blocker used for hyperadrenergic hypertensive emergencies
labetalol
what type of shock shows benefit of corticosteroid use?
septic shock
can cause obstructive shock due to right ventricular compression
cardiac tamponade
arterial vasodilator with unclear mechanism of action, used in hypertensive emergencies (pre-eclampsia) and also noteworthy for ability to cause drug-induced lupus syndrome
hydralazine
benzodiazipine structure (an anxiolytic drug class) this drug is however a dopamine-1 receptor agonist that can be used to lower blood pressure during hypertensive emergencies
fenoldopam
what would you use to treat aortic dissection if esmolol and labetalol were contraindicated or unavailable?
non-dihydropyridine CCBs
short acting beta blocker that can be used in hypertensive emergencies. contraindications include bradycardia and decompensated heart failure
esmolol
