hypertension drugs crossword

Question 1

cells in the collecting duct that are the primary target of K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 1

principal

Question 2

long-acting thiazide diuretic favored by cardiologists as adjunct in treatment of congestive heart failure, doesn’t end in “thiazide”

Answer 2

metolazone

Question 3

generic ACE inhibitor with longer half-life widely used to treat hypertension

Answer 3

lisinopril

Question 4

common name for transporter in TAL that, in combination with water impermeability and direction of flow outside of TAL, gives rise to dilute tubular fluid and a hypertonic renal medullary interstitium; target of loop diuretics

Answer 4

Na+ K+ 2Cl-

Question 5

caused by loop and thiazide diuretics due to volume contraction and/or competition at renal transporters, increases the risk of gout

Answer 5

hyperuricemia

Question 6

if stroke patient is a candidate for this, blood pressure should be lowered to <185/<110 mmHg

Answer 6

thrombolysis

Question 7

notable for their ability to increase blood pressure, especially in the elderly where the kidneys are more dependent on prostaglandins for salt and water homeostasis

Answer 7

NSAIDs

Question 8

causes profound arterial vasodilation in otherwise resistant hypertension, so much that cardiac effusion +/- tamponade, peripheral fluid retention, reflex tachycardia, etc. happen so must have concurrent diuretic and beta blocker use; topical application supports hair growth

Answer 8

minoxidil

Question 9

similar to HCTZ but longer half life, favored by some hypertension specialists in part because it is the only thiazide with proven cardiovascular benefits; doesn’t end in thiazide

Answer 9

chlorthalidone

Question 10

reason to still use beta blockers in hypertensives; goal is to lower BP while also slowing heart rate or blocking reflex tachycardia associated with dihydropyridine CCB

Answer 10

ischemic heart disease

Question 11

beta-1 selective blocker used to treat hypertension noteworthy for not crossing the BBB, but same systemic adverse effects

Answer 11

atenolol

Question 12

predictable consequence of arterial vasodilation caused by CCB

Answer 12

peripheral edema

Question 13

alpha 1 selective antagonists are now used primarily in patients with this rather than for treating hypertension

Answer 13

BPH

Question 14

primary agents for treating HTN include

Answer 14

thiazide diuretics, ACEi, ARB, CCB-dihydropyridine and CCB-non-dihydropyridine drugs

Question 15

long used as primary choices for treatment of hypertension, no longer recommended because other drug categories protect better against stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction

Answer 15

beta blockers

Question 16

potentially severe adverse effect of alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade; can also occur typically transiently , when ACEi or ARB therapy is initiated

Answer 16

orthostatic hypotension

Question 17

reason to select ACE inhibitors or ARB when treating hypertension (common occurrence in diabetic hypertensives)

Answer 17

albuminuria

Question 18

adverse effect of drugs such as alpha-2 agonist clonidine an undesirable drug for treating hypertension; for example, should not operate heavy machinery

Answer 18

drowsiness

Question 19

frequency-dependent non-dihydropyridine CCB, uses include HTN, angina including that caused by coronary artery spasm, and to slow ventricular rate in patients with a fib

Answer 19

diltiazem

Question 20

form of hypertension more common in elderly because the walls of the blood vessels become stiff (less compliant)

Answer 20

isolated systolic

Question 21

dilates in response to ACEi or ARB

Answer 21

efferent arteriole

Question 22

class IV antiarrhythmic CCB due to frequency-dependence of action, also used to treat HTN but not if there is also HFrEF

Answer 22

verapamil

Question 23

increased in chronic hypertension even if volume overload was its likely triggering event

Answer 23

total peripheral resistance

Question 24

second line drug for treating hypertension, noteworthy because it is a beta blocker that also induces nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation (was intended for heart failure, failed to meet those clinical endpoints)

Answer 24

nebivolol

Question 25

once routine for renal vascular hypertension, this is no longer attempted unless it is early in its development because the vessel loss and fibrosis that occur later are irreversible

Answer 25

revascularization

Question 26

diuretic that is recommended first-line treatment option for hypertension, often combined with other antihypertensive medications because it synergizes with them

Answer 26

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 27

common term for diuretic class with “high ceiling” effects exerted in the TAL

Answer 27

LOOP

Question 28

prototypical loop diuretic used for treating edema, generally not used in hypertension therapy unless GFR is <30 ml/min when thiazides become ineffective

Answer 28

furosemide

Question 29

refers to sudden onset of hypotension that can be seen when starting various antihypertensive drug classes including ARBs, ACEi or alpha 1 blockers

Answer 29

first dose

Question 30

form of hyperplasia seen with CCB use that is unusual, shows up on exams

Answer 30

gingival

Question 31

hexamethonium and mecamylamine are classic drugs targeting autonomic _____ that must be recognized in pharmacology but were failures as antihypertensive therapy due to adverse effects

Answer 31

ganglia

Question 32

well known toxicity of loop diuretics

Answer 32

ototoxicity

Question 33

the alpha is often dropped, this alpha 2 agonist once thought to be a false transmitter is now seldom used due to numerous side effcts (eg SLE like syndrome) but nevertheless remains a drug of choice for gestational hypertension

Answer 33

methyldopa

Question 34

dissection here is among the hypertensive emergencies where a rapid lowering of SBP to <140 mm Hg is warranted

Answer 34

aorta

Question 35

common reason for administering a thiazide diuretic

Answer 35

hypertension

Question 36

class of diuretics acting in the collecting duct to block Na+/ K= exchange, useful to counterbalance an adverse effect of loop and thiazide diuretics

Answer 36

K+ sparing

Question 37

potential adverse effect when aldosterone effects are blocker or its secretion is blunted by ARM or ACEi

Answer 37

hyperkalemia