hypertension drugs crossword Flashcards
cells in the collecting duct that are the primary target of K+ sparing diuretics
principal
long-acting thiazide diuretic favored by cardiologists as adjunct in treatment of congestive heart failure, doesn’t end in “thiazide”
metolazone
generic ACE inhibitor with longer half-life widely used to treat hypertension
lisinopril
common name for transporter in TAL that, in combination with water impermeability and direction of flow outside of TAL, gives rise to dilute tubular fluid and a hypertonic renal medullary interstitium; target of loop diuretics
Na+ K+ 2Cl-
caused by loop and thiazide diuretics due to volume contraction and/or competition at renal transporters, increases the risk of gout
hyperuricemia
if stroke patient is a candidate for this, blood pressure should be lowered to <185/<110 mmHg
thrombolysis
notable for their ability to increase blood pressure, especially in the elderly where the kidneys are more dependent on prostaglandins for salt and water homeostasis
NSAIDs
causes profound arterial vasodilation in otherwise resistant hypertension, so much that cardiac effusion +/- tamponade, peripheral fluid retention, reflex tachycardia, etc. happen so must have concurrent diuretic and beta blocker use; topical application supports hair growth
minoxidil
similar to HCTZ but longer half life, favored by some hypertension specialists in part because it is the only thiazide with proven cardiovascular benefits; doesn’t end in thiazide
chlorthalidone
reason to still use beta blockers in hypertensives; goal is to lower BP while also slowing heart rate or blocking reflex tachycardia associated with dihydropyridine CCB
ischemic heart disease
beta-1 selective blocker used to treat hypertension noteworthy for not crossing the BBB, but same systemic adverse effects
atenolol
predictable consequence of arterial vasodilation caused by CCB
peripheral edema
alpha 1 selective antagonists are now used primarily in patients with this rather than for treating hypertension
BPH
primary agents for treating HTN include
thiazide diuretics, ACEi, ARB, CCB-dihydropyridine and CCB-non-dihydropyridine drugs
long used as primary choices for treatment of hypertension, no longer recommended because other drug categories protect better against stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction
beta blockers
potentially severe adverse effect of alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade; can also occur typically transiently , when ACEi or ARB therapy is initiated
orthostatic hypotension
reason to select ACE inhibitors or ARB when treating hypertension (common occurrence in diabetic hypertensives)
albuminuria
adverse effect of drugs such as alpha-2 agonist clonidine an undesirable drug for treating hypertension; for example, should not operate heavy machinery
drowsiness
frequency-dependent non-dihydropyridine CCB, uses include HTN, angina including that caused by coronary artery spasm, and to slow ventricular rate in patients with a fib
diltiazem
form of hypertension more common in elderly because the walls of the blood vessels become stiff (less compliant)
isolated systolic
dilates in response to ACEi or ARB
efferent arteriole
class IV antiarrhythmic CCB due to frequency-dependence of action, also used to treat HTN but not if there is also HFrEF
verapamil
increased in chronic hypertension even if volume overload was its likely triggering event
total peripheral resistance
second line drug for treating hypertension, noteworthy because it is a beta blocker that also induces nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation (was intended for heart failure, failed to meet those clinical endpoints)
nebivolol
once routine for renal vascular hypertension, this is no longer attempted unless it is early in its development because the vessel loss and fibrosis that occur later are irreversible
revascularization
diuretic that is recommended first-line treatment option for hypertension, often combined with other antihypertensive medications because it synergizes with them
hydrochlorothiazide
common term for diuretic class with “high ceiling” effects exerted in the TAL
LOOP
prototypical loop diuretic used for treating edema, generally not used in hypertension therapy unless GFR is <30 ml/min when thiazides become ineffective
furosemide
refers to sudden onset of hypotension that can be seen when starting various antihypertensive drug classes including ARBs, ACEi or alpha 1 blockers
first dose
form of hyperplasia seen with CCB use that is unusual, shows up on exams
gingival
hexamethonium and mecamylamine are classic drugs targeting autonomic _____ that must be recognized in pharmacology but were failures as antihypertensive therapy due to adverse effects
ganglia
well known toxicity of loop diuretics
ototoxicity
the alpha is often dropped, this alpha 2 agonist once thought to be a false transmitter is now seldom used due to numerous side effcts (eg SLE like syndrome) but nevertheless remains a drug of choice for gestational hypertension
methyldopa
dissection here is among the hypertensive emergencies where a rapid lowering of SBP to <140 mm Hg is warranted
aorta
common reason for administering a thiazide diuretic
hypertension
class of diuretics acting in the collecting duct to block Na+/ K= exchange, useful to counterbalance an adverse effect of loop and thiazide diuretics
K+ sparing
potential adverse effect when aldosterone effects are blocker or its secretion is blunted by ARM or ACEi
hyperkalemia
