Shock Flashcards
how does shock lead to circulatory failure?
inadequate perfusion–>cellular dysfunction–>organ failure
sx circulatory failure
tachycardia decreased UOP adventitious breath sounds tissue hypoxia metabolic acidosis hypoTN
types of shock
hypovolemic
distributive
cardiogenic
obstructive
causes of hypovolemic shock
“insufficient pumping”
blood loss, burns, peritonitis
effects of hypovolemic shock
decreased BP, increased HR, decreased CVP
poor cap refill
causes of cardiogenic shock
“pump fails”
cardiac surgery, dysrhythmias (AV block, SVT), primary pump failure, myocarditis, heart failure
effects of cardiogenic shock
decreased cardiac output
types of distributive shock
“prevents blood from proper distribution”
- neurogenic
- anaphylactic
- septic
causes of neurogenic shock
spinal cord injuries, lack of nervous system tone
effects of neurogenic shock
massive vasodilation
causes of anaphylactic shock
hypersensitivity rxn
effects of anaphylactic shock
massive vasodilation, capillary leakage
sx of anaphylactic shock
respiratory: stridor, wheezing, rhinitis
cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypoTN
cutaneous: flushing, hives, angioedema
GI: N/V/D
CNS: LOC, seizures, HA
Epinephrine pen
0.01-0.3 mg/kg if first line of medication for anaphylactic shock
must be taken along at all times
causes of septic shock
primary infection incites inflammatory response which can lead to cellular dysfunction
effects of septic shock
massive vasodilation, capillary leakage, maldistribution of blood, organ failure (MODS)
causes of obstructive shock
“blockage of blood”
tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, PE, congenital heart lesion
sx of shock
hypotensive chills / fever vasodilation warm extremities initially tachypnea oliguria cool, pale extremities change in LOC tissue hypoxia leading to organ death metabolic acidosis DIC
sx of compensated shock
apprehension, irritability nml B/P narrowing pulse pressure thirst pallor decreased UOP mild Tachycardia decreasing peripheral perfusion
tx of shock
oxygenation, medications, fluid administration (NS, LR, albumin, blood)
causes of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
Staphylococcus bacteria
sinusitis, pneumonia, catheter inf, skin inf, wound inf, contraceptive diaphragms, IUDs
sx of TSS
increased temperature V/D macular erythroderma hypotension late sign: desquamation of palms
