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NUR 418 Pediatrics > Fluid and Electrolyte > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolyte Flashcards

1
Q

peds differences

A 
smaller stomachs
faster motility
decreased digestive enzymes until 4-6mo
increased surface area to body mass ratio
increased metabolic rate
immature kidneys
immature immune system
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2
Q

increased surface area to body mass causes what?

A

greater insensible fluid loss via:
skin (perspiration)
GI tract

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3
Q

increased metabolic rate causes what?

A

increase in heat production

increase in production of metabolic waste

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4
Q

immature kidney function affects what?

A

urine concentration and dilution
sodium retention and excretion
urine acidity

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5
Q

increased motility causes what?

A

rapid excretion of nutrients, electrolytes, and water

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6
Q

water weight of adult

A

adult 60%

ICF greater

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7
Q

water weight of infant

A

infant 70-80%

ECF greater

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8
Q

sx of dehydration in infants

A

tacky tongue, decreased tear production, poor skin turgor, decreased urine output

late sign: decreased BP

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9
Q

route of fluid excretion

A

lungs
urine
feces
skin

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10
Q

intake formula for up to 10kg

A

100 mL/kg

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11
Q

intake formula for 10-20kg

A

1000 mL/kg + 50 mL/kg over 10kg

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12
Q

intake formula for over 20kg

A

1500 mL/kg + 20 mL/kg over 20kg

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13
Q

causes of diarrhea (12)

A
  1. Medications
  2. Virus
  3. Infection
    GI/Outside GI infection
    (Ear, URI, UTI)
  4. Parasite
  5. Stress
  6. Feeding techniques
  7. Poor nutrition
  8. Starvation
  9. Allergy
  10. Introduction to new food
  11. Expired formula
  12. Malabsorption
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14
Q

common viruses

A

Norwalk - fecal oral, undercooked meat (causes hemolytic uremic syndrome)
Rotavirus - fecal oral, not as common d/t vaccine

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15
Q

common bacterial infection

A 
Escherichia coli
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia enterocolitica
Campylobacter jejuni
Vibrio cholera
Clostridium difficile
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16
Q

E.coli

A

foodborne, undercooked meat (causes hemolytic uremic syndrome)

17
Q

Salmonella

A

foodborne, undercooked meat, pets

18
Q

Shigella

A

foodborne

19
Q

Y. enterocolitica

A

food, pets

20
Q

C. jejuni

A

person to person, food, pets

21
Q

V. chlorea

A

contaminated food and water

22
Q

C. difficile

A

abx therapy as secondary inf, contaminated water

23
Q

common parasites

A

Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium
Amoeba
Intestinal Worms

24
Q

vomiting induces what type of pH issue?

A

metabolic alkalosis

25
Q

diarrhea induces what pH issue?

A

metabolic acidosis

26
Q

ABG show what?

A

sodium, potassium, pH

27
Q

BUN shows what?

A

effects of dehydration

28
Q

percentage weight loss formula

A

original weight-present weight/original weight

29
Q

severe dehydration precautions

A

NaCl boluses given 10-20 mL/kg and are repeated 2-3 times

then replacement IV fluids are begun

NUR 418 Pediatrics (10 decks)

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