shock Flashcards
hypovolemic shock
lack of circulating volume: gunshot wound
cardiogenic shock
failure of central pump
distributive shock
maldistribution of oxygen to the periphery: vasodilation and pooling in extremities, nuerogenic, septic, anaphylaxis
obstructive shock
obstruction of blood into or out of the ventricles (PE, pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, aortic stenosis, pregnancy, excessive PEEP)
Sympathetic Nervous system
Adrenergic (fight or flight)
Alpha receptors in sympathetic system
all over body:in sympathetic nervous system these vaso constrict, cause glucogeonolysis and diaphoresis.
Alpha receptors in parasympathetic system
(cholinergic) vasodialate, gluconeogenesis
Beta one receptors in sympathetic
In Heart: increast HR, increase contractility, increase automaticity
Beta one receptors in parasympathetic
In heart (cholinergic) decrease HR, decrease contractility, decrease automaticity
Beta two receptors in sympathetic
In Lungs: increase RR, bronchodilation
Beta two receptors in parasympathetic
In Lungs: decrease RR, bronchoconstriction
agonist
stimulates a system
antagonist
diminishes the response of a system
how would an alpha-adrenergic agonisst affect the BP?
Increase BP
How would a Beta blocker affect RR?
decrease
Signs/symptoms of late shock
Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, increased coagulation
mentation in early (hyperdynamic) vs late (hypodynamic)shock
early: Malaise, tired, restless
late: LOC, stupor, coma
skin in early (hyperdynamic) vs late (hypodynamic)shock
early: warm, flushed, dry
late: cold, clammy, pale, mottled
HR in early (hyperdynamic) vs late (hypodynamic)shock
early: tachy, full and bounding pulse
late: tachy, weak and thready pulse
Respiratory rate in early (hyperdynamic) vs late (hypodynamic)shock
early: > 20/min
late: shallow and fast
acid-base values in early (hyperdynamic) vs late (hypodynamic)shock
early: respiratory alkalosis (alveolar hyperventilation)
late: combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis
only Blood product not needing ABO compatibility .
platelets
Neurogenic shock causes
loss of sympathetic tone from Spinal cord injuries above T4-T6
