Nuero

Question 1

normal ICP

Answer 1

1-15mmHg

Question 2

early signs of Increased ICP

Answer 2

more stimulation to get same response, slugs pupils, less strength, tachydcardia, hypertensive swings

Question 3

late signs of Increased ICP (herniation)

Answer 3

arousable only with deep pain or unarousable, fixed and dilated pupils, posturing or no response, cushion’s response

Question 4

cushing’s triad

Answer 4

associated with advanced increased ICP: profound bradycardia, abnormal respirations, increased systolic pressure (widened pulse pressure)

Question 5

paresis

Answer 5

(hemiparesis) weakness to area of body

Question 6

palegia

Answer 6

(paraplegia) paralysis to an area of body

Question 7

most to least favorable response to pain

Answer 7

localizing pain, withdrawal, decorticate posture (move to core), decerebrate posture (abnormal extension), flaccid

Question 8

Reflexes you want to still have

Answer 8

Corneal (eyelid closes), Gag (retch or gag), Swallowing (uvula elevates)

Question 9

Pathological Reflexes

Answer 9

Grasp reflex, babinski

Question 10

GCS 13-15

Answer 10

Normal or mild brain injury

Question 11

GCS 9-12

Answer 11

moderate brain injury

Question 12

GCS 3-8

Answer 12

profound brain injury

Question 13

Difuse Axonal Injury

Answer 13

disruption of axons in cerebrum leads to a disconnection of the cortex and brain stem reticular formation. (loss of brain stem reflexes)

Question 14

Epidural Bleed

Answer 14

between skull and dura matter, usually from middle meningeal artery; often times have a period of unconsciousness followed by lucid period then begin to lose consciousness again; severe headache and hemiparesis and dilated pupil on side of injury

Question 15

subdural bleed

Answer 15

bleed between dura mater and subarachnoid mater usually from small bridging veins; venous bleed- slower than epidural bleed

Question 16

subarachnoid bleed

Answer 16

bleed between arachnoid and Pia maters; worst headache of my life; n/v; photophobia, meningeal signs; ca channel blockers to reduce spasms, surgical intervention to reduce ice

Question 17

battle sign

Answer 17

bruising in the mastoid sinus behind ear, may take 24 hours post injury (posterior fossa basilar skull fx)

Question 18

raccoon’s sign

Answer 18

periorbital ecchymosis secondary to intra orbital bleeding (anterior fossa basilar skull fx)

Question 19

Posterior cord

Answer 19

light touch, proprioception, vibration

Question 20

anterior cord

Answer 20

motor function

Question 21

lateral cord

Answer 21

pain, temperature

Question 22

c-4 innervates

Answer 22

diaphragm

Question 23

c-8

Answer 23

flex fingers

Question 24

T2-L1

Answer 24

Intercostals- vital capacity

Question 25

L2

Answer 25

hip flextion

Question 26

central cord syndrome

Answer 26

proportionally greater loss of motor function in upper extremities than lower extremities with variable sensory sparing (more likely to lose pain and temp than proprioception and vibration) caused by pinching of cord

Question 27

Brown-Sequard

Answer 27

Loss of motor function, proprioception and vibration on Sid elf injury. loss of pain and temperature on opposite side

Question 28

Cuada Equina syndrome

Answer 28

caused by damage of the lower spinal cord results in varying degrees of motor and sensory loss of the lower body. the pt may experience problems with bowel and bladder control.

Question 29

Spinal shock vs neurogenic shock

Answer 29

spinal shock: concussion of the nervous tissue of the spinal cord resulting in temporary loss of sensation and movement
Neurogenic shock: loss of sympathetic tone secondary to damage to the sympathetic fibers of the spinal cord

Question 30

headache sufferers should avoid:

Answer 30

alcohol esp red wine, thymines (beer, aged cheeses), caffeine, nitrates (hot dogs salami, processed meats, yeast), MSG