shock

Question 1

occurs when blood is lost from the cardiovascular system (as in severe bleeding) or when the volume portion of the blood is lost (as in dehydration). In this case, too little volume leads to reduced pressure in the cardiovascular system.

Answer 1

Hypovolemic shock

Question 2

blood vessel tone is lost. The smooth muscle in the vessels loses its ability to maintain a normal diameter. Conditions such as anaphylaxis or sepsis cause normally constricted vessels to dilate, and as a result, pressure within the system is reduced. With low pressure, the blood cannot efficiently be pumped, and blood flow to the cells is diminished.

Answer 2

Distributive shock

Question 3

In this form of shock, the heart fails in its ability to pump blood. Conditions such as myocardial infarction or trauma can lead to either an electrical problem, such as a dysrhythmia, or a mechanical problem, such as damage to the heart muscle itself. In either case, the pump fails and cardiac output suffers. Hypoperfusion occurs when the heart can no longer maintain the pressure in the cardiovascular system and blood fails to be pumped to the cells.

Answer 3

Cardiogenic shock

Question 4

Occasionally blood is physically prevented from flowing. In conditions such as tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, and pulmonary embolism, large quantities of blood are prevented from reaching essential organs and vital areas. Hypoperfusion occurs as these organs and vital areas go without the blood they need.

Answer 4

Obstructive shock

Question 5

sweating; condition of cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin.

Answer 5

diaphoresis

Question 6

When compensatory measures fail

Answer 6

decompensated shock