chapter 7 cardiopulmonary

Question 1

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.

Answer 1

stroke volume

Question 2

how much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction

Answer 2

Preload

Question 3

how hard the heart squeezes

Answer 3

Contractility

Question 4

how much pressure the heart has to pump against to force blood out into the system

Answer 4

afterload (high pressure = lower stroke volume)

Question 5

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate ∙ stroke volume).

Answer 5

cardiac output

Question 6

ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Answer 6

V/Q match

Question 7

fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe.

Answer 7

FiO2

Question 8

open and clear; free from obstruction.

Answer 8

patent (PAY-tent)

Question 9

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.

Answer 9

tidal volume

Question 10

the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute.

Answer 10

minute volume

Question 11

air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange.

Answer 11

dead air space

Question 12

chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 12

chemoreceptors (kee-mo-re-cept-erz)