chapter 6 respiratory system Flashcards
respiratory
the system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. Also called the pulmonary system.
oropharynx
the area directly posterior to the mouth.
nasopharynx
the area directly posterior to the nose.
pharynx
the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx.
epiglottis
a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea.
larynx
the voice box
cricoid (KRIK-oid) cartilage
the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx.
trachea (TRAY-ke-uh)
the “windpipe”; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs.
lungs
the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide takes place.
bronchi (BRONG-ki)
the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi. Singular bronchus.
alveoli (al-VE-o-li)
the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place.
diaphragm (DI-uh-fram)
the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; a major muscle of respiration.
inhalation (IN-huh-LAY-shun)
an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs.
exhalation (EX-huh-LAY-shun)
a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs.
ventilation
the process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood.
respiration
the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells.
buffer system
a system that helps manage the pH of the body to maintain it at a normal level.
