SHM

Question 1

what are the conditions for SHM

Answer 1

acceleration must be directly proportional to displacement

acceleration must be in the opposite direction of displacement

Question 2

give the equation for an object oscillating in SHM for ACCELERATION

Answer 2

a = -w^2 x

acceleration reaches its maximum value when the displacement is at a maximum.

the minus sign shows that when the objecy is displaced to the right, the directiin of the acceleration is to the left

Question 3

whats the displacement equation for an object experiencing SHM

Answer 3

x = Acos(wt)

displacement is at its maximum when cos(wt) = 1 or -1,

Question 4

what is meant by resonance

Answer 4

where amplitude of oscillations of a system drastically increase due to gaining an increased amount of energy from the driving force

driving frequency = natural frequency

Question 5

what is meant by damping

Answer 5

damping occurs when an object in SHM experiences a resistive force

this causes amplitude of oscillations to decrease over time

this causes total energy stored to decrease
as ( 1/2k A^2)

Question 6

state the three types of damping

Answer 6

LIGHT DAMPING:
amplitude decreases by the same fraction with each oscillation

CRITICAL DAMPING:
amplitude decreases to zero in the shortest possible time without oscillating

HEAVY DAMPING:
amplitude reduces slower than with critical damping, but also without any additional oscillations

Question 7

explain what is meant by a free vibration and a forced vibration

Answer 7

free vibrations occur when no external force is acting on the system, therefore system oscillates at natural frequency (f0)

forced vibrations are where a system experiences an external driving force, which causes it to oscillate, the frequency of this driving force is known as external driving force