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Infection and Immunity > Shistosomiasis and Tapeworms > Flashcards

Shistosomiasis and Tapeworms Flashcards

1
Q

What are flukes?

A

Schistosomiasis Biharzia

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2
Q

What phylum are flukes classified as?

A

Platyhelminthes

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3
Q

What class are flukes?

A

Trematoda

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4
Q

What phylum are tapeworms?

A

Platyhelminthes

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5
Q

What class are tapeworms?

A

Cestoda

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6
Q

What is the human portion of schistosomiasis?

A

Cercaria (free-swimming infective stage)
Cercariae penetrate skin
Tail is lost during penetration
Cercariae migrate via blood circulation to the liver of the host and mature
Adult male + Adult female (Gynecophoral canal)
Adults migrate to blood vessels of intestine or bladder; eggs are laid and appear in faeces or urine
S. haematobium
Eggs

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7
Q

What is the snail portion of schistosomiasis?

A 
Eggs
S.mansoni
Eggs enter fresh water
Miracidium hatches from egg
Penetrates into snail tissue
Developing cercariae
Sporocyst in snail (2 generations)
Cercariae penetrate human skin
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8
Q

What happens when a schistosoma mansoni egg is in the liver?

A

Eggs and granuloma → portal vein hypertension→rupture→death

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9
Q

What is the histopathology of the baldder in histopathology?

A

Bladder can’t stretch
Causes tumours
Chronic inflammation→ tumour

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10
Q

Where are schistosoma haemotobium also found in females?

A

Veins of vagina

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11
Q

How many women are affected with urogenital schistosomiasis?

A

9-13 million women, primary in 53 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and eastern Mediterranean

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12
Q

What do dams and irrigation canals provide for schistosoma haemotobium?

A

Snail breeding sites

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13
Q

What is the natural resistance to schistosoma haemotobium?

A

IgE antibody- Th2

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14
Q

What drugs are used to treat schistosoma haemotobium?

A

Praziquantel

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15
Q

In what form is schistosoma haemotobium?

A

Highly polymorphic

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16
Q

What can schistosoma haemotobium lead to?

A

Increased susceptibility to HIV infection

17
Q

What is the lifecycle of tapeworms?

A

Eggs or gravid proglotttids in feces and passed into environment
Cattle (T. saginata) and pigs (T. solium) become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated by eggs or gravid proglottids
Oncospheres hatch, penetrate intestinal wall, and circulate to musculature
a. Oncispheres develop into cysticerci in muscle
Humans infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat
Scolex attaches to intestine
Adults in small intestine
• Cysticerosis- an infection of both humans and pigs with the larval stages of the parasitic cestode, Taenia solium

18
Q

What is cysticercosis?

A

An infection of both humans and pigs with the larval stafes of the parasitic cestode, Taenia solium

19
Q

What is the pig life cycle of Cysticercosis?

A

Eggs or gravid proglottids in feces and passed into environment
Embryonated eggs and/or gravid proglottids ingested by pigs
Oncospheres hatch, penetrate and intestinal wall and circulate musculature
Oncospheres develop into cysticerci in pig muscle

20
Q

What is the human life cycle of cysticercosis?

A

Human infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat
Scolex attaches to intestine
Adults in small intestine
Eggs passed into environment (starts pig cycle)
Embryonated eggs ingested by human host
Oncospheres hatch, penetrate intestinal wall, and circulate to musculature
Cysticerci may develop in any organ being more common in subcutaneous tissue as well
Cysticercosis

21
Q

What is the life cycle of hydatid disease

A
  1. Adult in small intestine
  2. Embryonated egg in feces
  3. Oncosphere hatches; penetrates intestinal wall
  4. Hydatid cyst in liver, lungs etc
  5. Protoscolex from cyst
  6. Scolex attaches to intestine
22
Q

What is Cystic echinoccosis (CE)?

A

Hydatid disease
Caused by infection with larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus
Harmful, slow growing cysts in the liver

23
Q

What is Alveolar echinococcosis (AE)?

A

Infection with larval stage of echinococcus multilocularis
Small rodents intermediate host
Parasitic tumours form in liver, lung, brain and other organs
Fatal if untreated

24
Q

What is the treatment for hydatid disease?

A

Surgery
Drugs benzimidazoles
Anaphylaxis

25
Q

What is the life cycle of the snail in echinococcus granulosa?

A

S. mansoni, S. japonicum, S. haematobium in feces and in urine
Eggs hatch releasing miracidia
Miracidia penetrate snail tissue
Sporocytes in snail
Cercariae released by snail into water and free-swimming

26
Q

What is the human cycle in echinococcus granulsoa?

A

Penetrate skin
Cercariae lose tails during penetration and become schistosomulae
Circulation
Migrate to portal blood in liver and mature into adults
Paired adult worms migrate to mesenteric venules of bowel/rectum

Infection and Immunity (20 decks)

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