Shiphandling and Maneuvering Flashcards
The vessel will anchor with Pilot onboard. You are the duty on bridge. What is your main duty?
Check the position only
The use of ship’s whistle to communicate with tug(s) is common in ports of USA. One long blast means:
Come ahead dead slow
The under-keel allowance may be laid down by a competent authority or determined on board when planning the passage. Such an allowance is expressed as:
depth below the keel of the ship when moving
The type of property which is in tuning but the shafts reverse always in the same direction, the astern power being obtained by reversing the pitch of the screw, is commonly known as.
controllable pitch propeller
The turning circle of a vessel making a turn of over 360° is the path followed by the:
center of gravity
The turning circle of a ship is the path followed by the:
pivoting point
The term “shift the rudder” means ________.
change from right (left) to left (right) rudder an equal amount
The tension on anchor cable increases so that the angle of the catenary to the seabed at the anchor reaches 10°. How will this affect the anchor in sandy soil?
it will reduce the holding power
The single turn method of returning to a man overboard should be only if ______.
the vessel is very maneuverable
The ship movement where the pivot point plays a part:
rotational
The ship is in a sharp turn and the log shows sideways motion to port both forward and aft. Where is the “pivot point” located?
Outside the ship itself
The scope of chain to be used depends upon several factors except:
size of the vessel
The rudders are amidships and both screws are going ahead. What will happen if the starboard screw is stopped?
The bow will go to starboard
The rudder is in hard over position ,propeller stopped . The ship is turning slowly. What can we do to make her turn faster without increasing forward speed?
Give a kick ahead
The rudder is hard over , full ahead in shallow water. How much lift force remains when he engine stopped?
About 10%
The rudder is hard over , full ahead in deep water . How much lift force remain when the engine is stopped.
About 20%
The proper way to approach a downstream lock where there is an out draft is to be _______.
close in to the land wall, keeping the stern in at all times
The point at which helm must be applied to achieve a required course alteration is:
wheel over position
The pivoting point of a fully loaded vessel with normal trim proceeding ahead at sea speed is:
one-third of the length of the vessel from the bow
The pivoting point of a vessels going ahead is situated:
About one -third of the vessel’s length from the bow
The owner or Master of a towing vessel shall ensure that each person that directs and controls the movement of the vessel can accomplish all of the following except:
reduce speed only where local speed limits are posted
The most favorable condition to encounter when dock your vessel is when the wind and current are:
parallel to the pier from ahead
The maximum rudder angle on your ships is 35% degrees. Do you think this is the angle that the ruder is most effective?
No, most effective rudder angle is about 25 to 30 degrees. This is because he rudder is “ stalling” at 35 degrees angle
The maneuver which will return your vessel in the shortest time to a person who has fallen overboard is ______.
A single turn with hard rudder
The helm command “shift your rudder” means _______.
change from right rudder to left rudder, or vice versa, an equal number of degrees
The helm command “meet her” means _______.
use rudder to check the swing
The handling qualities of any particular class of vessel is based on the following except:
the skill and competence of ship handler
The forward movement of a vessel in one revolution of its propeller is measured by __________.
the pitch
The effects of shallow water with speed and rudder of the ship is great during maneuvering at high speed and become excessive is the depth is:
less than one-and-a half the draft
The effect of wind in an exposed areas of a ship is most noticeable when the vessel is ______.
backing
The effect known as “bank cushion” acts in which of the following ways on a single-screw vessel proceeding along in a narrow channel?
it pulls the stern toward the bank
The effect known as “bank cushion” acts in which of the following ways on a single-screw vessel proceeding along a narrow channel?
it forces the bow away from the bank
The easiest way to anchor a vessel in a current is to _______.
stem the current and be falling aft very slowly when the anchor is dropped
The distance that a vessel travels from the time that the order to put engine full astern until the vessel is dead on the water is known as:
head reach
The distance that a ship moves forward with each revolution of its propeller, if there is no ship, is called ________.
pitch
The distance of the ship to its final berth is about 200 meters. How many minutes will it approximatelt take the ship to be in position if the ship speed is two knots?
3 minutes 12 seconds
The distance gained in the direction of the original course when you are making a turn is know as _______.
advance
The distance a vessel moves at right angles to the original course, when a turn of 180° has been completed, is called the:
tactical diameter
The disadvantage of a bow thruster is:
it has no effect on headway to slow down or hold a ship
The depth of water in the anchorage is expected to be 45 feet. Find how many shackles to be paid out if a scope of 6 is desired on the anchor chain.
3 shackles
The depth of water in the anchorage is expected to be 28 meters. Find how many shackles to be paid out if a scope of 7 is desired on the anchor chain.
7 shackles
The depth of water in the anchorage is expected to be 19 meters. Find how many shackles to be paid out if a scope of 3 is desired on the anchor chain.
2 shackles
The bow thruster generally is ineffective at ______.
over 3 knots headway
The best time to work a boat into a slip is _______.
at slack water
The best approach to an anchorage is: I. Against the current or wind II. With the current or wind III. A turn either way to give momentum for the dropping of anchor chain
I only
The anti-rolling device which reduce the amplitude the of roll by varying the amount of water in tanks on opposite side of the ship, is referred to as.
anti-rolling tanks
The anchors should be dropped well out from the pier while at a Mediterranean moor to _______.
permit the ship to maneuver in the stream while weighing anchors
The anchor chain should be kept moderately taut during a Mediterranean moor to ______.
prevent damage to the stern in the event of a headwind
The acceleration or deceleration capability of the ship depends largely on horsepower available and the momentum of the ship. The most important aspect of comparing the ahead and astern power of the ship is to consider first the:
Full-ahead momentum
The “full speed” connotation in the majority of publications on ice navigation refers to maximum speed of:
4 to 6 knots
Ships like VLCC’s turning circle to the right is usually _____ her turning circle to the left.
nearly the same as
Shifting weight aft in heavy weather will reduce the tendency to yaw, but may increase the tendency to _______.
be pooped
Rivers currents tend to ______.
cause the greatest depth of water to be along the outside of a bend
Overshoot is an expression we use when talking about a ship’s steering ability . What is the best way to determine how the overshoot is on your ships
Do a 20/20 degrees zigzag maneuver
One shackle of anchor chain is equivalent to how many feet?
90
One shackle of anchor chain is equivalent to how many fathoms?
15
One shackle of anchor chain is equal to how many meters?
27.4
Once a ship (equipped with self-towing auto tension winches) is moored alongside a loading or discharging berth, it is recommended that:
All winches be left with the manual brake on and gear out
On twin screw twin rudder vessel the most effective way to turn in your water with no way is to put:
one engine ahead and one engine stern with rudder amidships
On a vessel with a single propeller, transverse force has the most effect on the vessel when the engine is put ________.
full astern
On a twin-screw, twin-rudder vessel, the most effective way to turn in your own water, with no way on, is to put ______.
one engine ahead and one engine astern, with full rudder
On a single-screw vessel, when coming port side to a pier and being set off the pier, you should _______.
make your approach at a greater angle than in calm weather
On a single screw vessel, when coming portside to pier and being set off the pier you should:
make your approach at a greater angle than in calm water
Normally a ship fitted with steam turbines has an astern power, one third of ahead power. If a ship is 7,000-ton deadweight with speed of 15 knots, what is the astern power?
35,000 knot - tons
Most naval ships and some merchant vessels are fitted with steam turbines in which the astern power is equal to what part of the ahead power.
half
Mooring with two bow anchors has which major advantage over anchoring with one bow anchor?
The radius of the vessel’s swing will be shortened
Maximum rudder angle of 35 degrees is most acceptable during turning. However, an angle of 45 degrees will give a tighter turn, but will reduce speed more. At higher speed during turning, the ship tends to reduce the force of the rudder and in greater angle will reduce speed. This phenomenon is called:
burbling
Maneuvering with tug(s) in USA ports, TWO BLAST mean or indicate:
Back with normal power
Maneuvering with tug(s) in USA ports, LET GO tug lines is indicated on the ship’s whistle by:
One long blast and two short blast
Man overboard situation is a critical “life and death” scenario. The most critical variable that has to be considered is: I. The fastest and correct turn of execution II. The decision, fast and shortest time of execution
Both I and II
Leeway is the ______
lateral movement of a vessel downwind of her intended course
It is the distance measured along the original line joining the position of the compass platform when the wheel is put over and the position when the ship has turned through any particular cycle is called _____.
distance to new curve
It is easier to dock a right-hand, single screw vessel ______.
port side to the wharf
It is desirable, when mooring to a buoy, to approach the buoy with the current from ______.
Ahead
It is applied to rudder when it has about one-third of its area forward of the rudder post:
balanced rudder
It is a propeller which is almost invariably right-handed. When the ship is driven ahead, the propeller revolves in a clockwise direction, when viewed from astern. To go astern rotation of the propeller is reversed. It is _______.
single screw
It is a particular professional knowledge regarding own ship various methods available and how to change over to secondary from primary methods. It is the knowledge on:
Steering and conning
Insufficient space between the hull and bottom in shallow water will prevent normal screw currents resulting in ______.
All of the above
In which situation could a vessel most easily capsize?
running in the trough
In twin screw engine installation while going ahead, maneuvering qualities are most effective when the tops of the propellers blades both turn:
outboard from the center
In shiphandling, which action will reduce the yawing of the vessel in a following sea?
Shifting weights to the stern
In shiphandling in heavy weather, you notice your vessel’s screw is being lifted clear of the water and racing. One way to correct this would be to _____.
decrease speed
In shiphandling in heavy weather you have your bow meeting the seas. Which measure should NOT be taken to reduce pounding?
Add ballast in the after peak
In shiphandling in heavy weather you have your bow meeting the seas. To prevent pounding, you should _______.
decrease speed
In shiphandling in heavy weather, you notice buckling in the midships deck plating of your vessel. To relieve the strain, you could _____.
all of these
In ship handling, you notice that your rudder response has become sluggish and your speed has decreased. This are signs that you have:
entered shallow water
In ship handling, which of the following statements concerning the handling characteristics of a fully loaded vessel as compared with those of a light vessel is FALSE?
A fully loaded vessel will maintain her headway further
In ship handling, which of the following actions will reduce the yawing of a vessel in a following sea?
shifting weights to the stern
In ship handling, when you are turning a ship in restricted space, it is normally best to _____.
turn so that the tendency to back into the wind can be used if on a single-screw vessel
In ship handling, if you notice that you are racing your propeller in rough weather, you should:
decrease your engine speed
In ship handling, how will the vessel lie relative to the wind when drifting with no way on if it has most of its superstructure forward?
With the wind from abaft the beam
In ship handling, as the under keel clearance decreases, it is apparent that the directional stability:
decreases
In ship handling, as the beam increases for a given length, it is apparent that the directional stability:
decreases
In ship handling, as a general rule, if your vessel is drifting in calm waters with negligible current, the wind will maneuver your vessel until it strikes the vessel _______.
on or near the beam
In ship handling with a following sea, a vessel will tend to _____.
yaw
In ship handling on ice, there are differentiation among ice formation. The initial stage in the freezing of sea water, when it assumes a greasy appearance and a scum of ice crystals is formed on the surface, is referred to as:
sludge or slush
In ship handling in shallow water, you will notice that the water is boiling up around the _____.
vessel’s stern
In relation to the turning circle of the ship, the term “advance” means the distance:
gained in the direction of the original course and maximum when ship turned 90°
In principles of shiphandling, which factor that a master or a pilot has no direct control of the ship?
shallow water factor
In order to reduce your wake in a narrow channel you should _______.
reduce your speed
In order to back a right-handed, single -crew vessel in a straight line, you will probably need to use _______.
some right rudder
In most cases, when a large merchant vessel enters shallow water at high speed the ______.
bow will squat farther than the stern
In maneuvering the ship in a restricted area or in a narrow channel, which side would be easier to maneuver the ship using the backing and filling maneuver?
starboard side
In maneuvering the ship in a restricted area or in a narrow channel by executing backing and filling maneuver, which side would be easier to maneuver the ship?
starboard side
In docking, when approaching the berth at one knot, how many meters is the ship’s advance in one minute?
31 meters
In anchoring, using the scope of 6, determine the number of shackles to be used if the depth of water is 35 meters?
7.5 shackles
In anchoring against a strong current or tidal stream, the anchor should be let-go in order to keep her head-to-stream. Best precautions during let-go is:
Engine stopped and gradually paid out cables
In an emergency and the anchor is dropped while at full ahead, do not slack the cable as soon as the anchor holds.
FALSE
In an emergency and the anchor is dropped while at full ahead, do not slack the cable as soon as the anchor holds.
TRUE
In a following sea, a wave has overtaken your vessel and thrown the stern to starboard. To continue along your original course, you should _______.
use more left rudder
If your propeller is racing in rough weather, you should _______.
decrease your engine speed
If the speed of a ship is increased during a turn, the tactical diameter becomes (or remains):
smaller
If a VLCC is proceeding at 12 knots, her headway is reduced to what speed at the completion of a round turn even though the engine continues to run ahead of steerageway?
2 to 3 knots
If a ship of 15,000 tons deadweight fitted with steam turbine has an astern power of 60,000 knot-tons, what is the speed of the ship?
12 knots
If a nylon mooring rope gets wet by immersion in water it undergoes:
A decrease in strength of 20%
If a double banking operation is being conducted with one ship at anchor (which is yawing due to weather condition) and one tug is available for assisting in the operation, the tug should:
Endeavour to hold the anchored/yawing vessel steady
If a crewmember has fallen overboard during the hours of darkness and you immediately execute a Williamson turn, what is the primary advantage of this maneuver under these circumstance exams?
You will be in a reciprocal course and nearly on the track line run during the night
How will you turn a ship quickly in a following current to make her stern the current in restricted water?
by dragging one anchor and astern engine
How will you define “squat”?
Increase in draft to the point on your ship which is closest to the bottom
How many turns of wire normally mark either side of the shackle 45 fathoms from the anchor?
3 turns
How many turns of wire normally mark either side of the shackle 120 fathoms from the anchor’s
8 turns
How many turns of wire normally mark either side of the shackle 105 fathoms from the anchor?
7 turns
How many feet are there in one shot of anchor chain?
90
How many feet are there in five shots of anchor chain?
450
How many feet are there in 4 shots of anchor chain?
360
How many fathoms are there in 3 shots of anchor chain?
45
How many fathoms are there in 2 shots of anchor chain?
30
How many fathoms are in a shot of anchor cable?
15
How is shallow water effect felt in a vessel?
The vessel becomes sluggish in responding to the rudder
How does a vessel’s rate of turn change when entering shallow water?
there is no change
How do you consider the indicated speed for berthing?
too fast
How do we define the location of the “pivot point”?
The point where the sideways motion of the ship’s centerline is zero
How can you minimize the squat effect?
Decrease in draft to the point on your ship which is closest to the bottom
Handling a ship in a channel, a Pilot should break a sheer in narrow channel by:
increasing engine RPM
Good seamanship while towing in heavy weather requires all of the following EXCEPT ____________.
streaming all of your towing hawser
Generally, you can best keep a vessel under steering control when the vessel has ________.
headway
For which type of vessel is squatting most pronounced?
Vessel with a high block coefficient
For which type of vessel is sinkage most pronounced?
High block coefficient vessel
For the deepest water when rounding a bend in a river, you should navigate your vessel ______.
toward the inside of the bend
For the deepest water when negotiating a bend in a river, you should always navigate your vessel:
toward the outside bend of the river
For operations in pack ice, a vessel should ______.
have a drag of not more than 2 to 3 feet
For a right handed single screw vessel it is easier to berth ______.
port side to the wharf
Flanking rudders effect a vessel’s heading because of the ______.
effect of the propeller flow on the rudders
Find the scope of an anchor cable with three shackles paid out in a depth of 45 feet.
six
Find the scope of an anchor cable with six shackles paid out in a depth of 77 feet.
seven
Find the scope of an anchor cable with six shackles paid out in a depth of 72 feet.
7.5
Find the scope of an anchor cable with four shackles paid out in a depth of 36 feet.
ten
Find the scope of an anchor cable with four shackles paid out in a depth of 11 meters.
ten
Find the scope of an anchor cable with five shackles paid out in a depth of 67 feet.
6.7
Find the scope of an anchor cable with eight shackles paid out in a depth of 96 feet.
7.5
Find the scope of an anchor cable with eight shackles paid out in a depth of 25 meters.
8.7
During a mooring operation whilst underway it is recommended that, with one ship maintaining a constant course and speed, the other maneuvers so that:
The maneuvering vessel presents her port side to the constant direction vessel
During a double banking operation the off-take or smaller vessel generally provides the moorings. If wires are used it is recommended that rope tails are fitted onto the ends of the wires. This is to:
All the listed alternatives
Do you think there is any reduction in the rudder lift force if the propeller is stopped?
Yes, the lift force will be dramatically reduced
Do you think a ship’s trim has any influence an steering abilities?
Yes, the ship usually steer better if trimmed by the stern
Conditions for crossing a rough bar are usually best at ______.
high water slack
Bow or aft thrusters are sometimes preferable than tugs because:
it is always available
Before entering an ice area, the ship should be _______.
trimmed down by the stern
Basic signals and maneuvers are common in any ports of the world, in these case ports of USA. The use of ship’s whistle to communicate with tug(s),one long blast means:
Come ahead full slow
As the propeller turns, voids are formed on the trailing and leading edges of the propeller blades causing a loss of propulsive efficiency, pitting of the blades, and vibration. These voids are known as _________.
cavitation
As a ships moves through the water , it drags with it a body of water called the wake. The ratio of the wake speed to the ship’s speed is called_________
wake fraction
As a ship moves through the water, it causes a wake, which is also moving forward relative to the sea. In addition to a fore and aft motion, this wake also has a (n) _______.
upward and inward flow
As a rule, ships of most configurations, when drifting in calm water with negligible current, will lie _______.
beam to the wind
As a general rule, for most large merchant vessels, squat effects what part of the vessel?
bow
As a general rule, a VLCC should not have a speed in any direction greater than what speed when touching berth?
0.15 knots
As a general rule, a ULCC should not have a speed in any direction greater than what speed when touching berth?
0.10 knots
An execution by swinging out the ship with maximum wheel either port or starboard and subsequently reversing the wheel so that the ship’s head swings out to, but not beyond 60° from the original course; then continue to swing back with full wheel, finally steadying on the reciprocal course to original. This execution is called:
Williamson Turn
After casting off moorings at a mooring buoy in calm weather, you should ______.
back away a few lengths to clear the buoy and then go ahead on the engines
Adequate horsepower is of great importance when a ship is navigating independently in ice. Adequate horsepower is generally considered to exist when the horsepower to length ratio is at least ________.
6 to 1 or better
A wedge of water building up between the bow and nearer bank forces the bow out and away describes:
bank cushion
A VLCC(100,000 DWT + ) with a 30,000 shaft horsepower steam turbine is slow to respond to engine movements and has less stopping power than normal ships because it has a:
bigger propeller
A vessel will “squat” when it proceeds underway ______.
in all depths of water
A vessel towing with a total length of 1350 meters, expecting strong wind from starboard side. The towing wire is connected 20 meters from towing vessels stern rail. What is to be done?
Secure the wire all way aft, to prevent wire moving out of center
A vessel reduce speed without backing. The rate that her speed through the water decreases depends primarily on the ______.
vessel’s displacement
A vessel is tide rode when it is _______?
at anchor and stemming the current
A vessel is equipped with twin propellers, both turning outboard with the engines half ahead. If there is no wind or current and the rudders are amidships, what will happen?
The vessel will steer a fairly straight course
A vessel is equipped with a single right-handed screw. With rudder amidships and calm wind, the vessel will most likely back _____________.
to port
A vessel is docked portside to a lock. Which of the following would be the best way to undock a vessel off a lock with no wind?
cast off all lines aft, then all lines forward, left rudder, bow thruster to starboard, dead slow ahead
A vessel in shallow water might experience:
squatting
A twin-screw vessel with a single rudder is making headway. The engines are full speed ahead. There is no wind or current. Which statement is FALSE?
Turning response by use of the rudder only is greater than on a single-screw vessel.
A twin-screw vessel is easier to maneuver than a single-screw vessel because the twin-screw vessel ______________.
can turn without using her rudder
A twin-screw vessel can clear the inboard propeller and maneuver off a pier best by holding a(n) ______.
forward spring line and going slow ahead on the outboard engine
A twin screw vessel, making headway with both engines turning ahead, will turn more readily to starboard if you ________.
reverse starboard engine, apply right rudder
A stream of water immediately surrounding a moving vessel’s hull, flowing in the same direction as the vessel is known as ________.
wake current
A single-screw vessel going ahead tends to turn more rapidly to port because of propeller _______.
sidewise force
A ship under headway can make a smaller turning radius if the pivot is:
close to the bow
A ship is turning around a point called the “pivot point”. What is the position of this invisible point when the ship is “dead” in the water?
About same position as the center of gravity
A ship is said to have a positive directional stability when:
she tends to steady up when the rudder turned to amidships position
A ship is not turning around the center of gravity, but another point. What is this point called?
Pivot point
A ship is having a slow speed, by using the backing maneuver, the ship is considered to be dead on the water when the _____.
quickwater reaches the amidships
A rule of thumb in the handling of VLCC is that, for every _____ degrees change in heading, she losses _____ of her headway.
90/ 25 - 30%
A right handed single screw ship, when taking turning circle both port and starboard at same speed and rudder angles, which side will probably have the larger area of turn?
starboard side
A person has fallen overboard and is being picked up with a lifeboat. If the person appears in danger of drowning, the lifeboat should make __________.
the most direct approach
A large vessel is equipped with a controllable pitch propeller. Which statement is true?
When dead in the water, it is often difficult to find the neutral position and slight headway or sternway may result
A drift lead indicates that the vessel is dragging anchor when the line is ________.
taut and leading forward
A common occurrence when a vessel is running into shallow water is that:
squat will cause a decrease in bottom clearance and an increase in draft
A bow thruster : I. is effective in slowing down a vessel II. loses effectiveness when the vessel’s speed exceeds 3 knots III. provides lateral control without affecting headway
II and III only
A “Mediterranean moor” should be used when _______.
when docking stern to a berth
“Hard right rudder” means _______.
put the rudder over to the right all the way
“Ease the rudder” means to ______.
decrease the rudder angle
