Additional METEO Flashcards
Severe Tropical Storm has a wind force of:
wind force 10 to 11
Tropical Depression has a wind force of:
wind force 7 or less
Tropical Storm has a wind force of:
wind force 8 to 9
Typhoon, Hurricane or Cyclone has a wind force of:
wind force 12
In the Northern Hemisphere, which area of the hurricane is the dangerous semicircle?
to the right of the storm’s track
In the North Atlantic Ocean, the highest frequency of tropical cyclone occurs during:
August, September and October
“Monsoon” is the most striking example of a wind system produced by:
alternate heating and cooling of a land mass
Which of the following area is the name “CYCLONE” used?
any of the choices
In the Southern Hemisphere, what is the usual sequence of direction in which a Tropical Cyclone moves?
Southwest, South and Southeast
Tropical storms DO NOT occur in which ocean?
South Atlantic Ocean
In the Northern Hemisphere, if your vessel is caught in the dangerous semi-circle, the best course of action is to bring the wind:
on the starboard bow, hold course and make as much headway as possible
In the Southern Hemisphere, the best course of action, if your vessel is caught in the dangerous semi-circle, is to bring the wind:
on the port bow, hold course and make as much headway as possible
If your vessel is maneuvering to escape from a navigable semi-circle in the Northern Hemisphere, the best course of action is to bring the wind:
on the starboard quarter, hold course and make as much headway as possible
If you have determined that your vessel is in the navigable semi-circle in the Southern Hemisphere, the best course of action is to bring the wind:
on the port quarter, hold course and make as much headway as possible
Your vessel is believed to be in the direct path of a hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere and plenty sea room is available, the best course of action is to bring the wind:
on the starboard quarter, note the course and head in that direction
In the Southern Hemisphere, your vessel is believed to be in the direct path of a hurricane and plenty sea room is available, the best course of action is to bring the wind:
on the port quarter, note the course and head in that direction
Whether your vessel is in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere, what is the best course of action if your vessel is determined to be on storm track behind.
avoid center by the best practicable course
It is a warm dry wind which initiates from horizontally moving air encountering a mountain barrier.
Foehn
In the Rocky Mountain region, this foehn wind is known by which name?
Chinook
On the west coast of the U.S., a strong, hot, dry wind blows through a pass and down a valley of that name in Southern California.
Santa Ana
A violent wind blowing from the land on the South Coast of Cuba.
Bayamo
An East wind on the coast of Sardinia.
Bentu De Soli
Briza is:
any of the choices
A name for squall in the East Indies.
Brubu
A gentle breeze in the Hebrides.
Kaver
A storm over the Hawaiian Islands, characterized by strong southerly or southwesterly winds and heavy rains.
Kona Storm
A hot, dry easterly wind of the Madeira and Canary Islands.
Leste
A strong easterly wind of the Mediterranean, especially in the strait of Gibraltar, attended by cloudy, foggy and sometimes rainy weather especially in winter.
Levanter
A strong, gusty, northeast wind which occassionaly occurs during the winter in the vicinity of Palmer, Alaska.
Matanuska Wind
A strong southeast wind in the vicinity of Palmer, Alaska, most frequent in the winter.
Knik Wind
A summer northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and Perisian Gulf, often strong during the day, but decreasing at night.
Shamal
A southeasterly wind which sometimes blows in the Persian Gulf.
Sharki
A northeasterly or northerly winter wind off the west coast of Italy. It is a fresh wind of the fine weather mistral type.
Tramontana
A foehn wind the Schouten Islands north of New Guinea.
Warm Braw
A squall frequent from May through August between Cabo de Sao Tome and Cabo Frio on the coast of Brazil.
Abroholos
A heavy northwesr squall in Manado Bay on the north coast of the island of Celebes, prevalent from December to February.
Barat
A storm with southeast gales, caused by intense cyclonic activity off the coastas of Argentina and Uruguay, which affects the southern part of the coast of Brazil in the winter.
Suestado
The single formula used to relate maximum winds to pressure under the classification scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier.
Velocity in m/s = 3.9 + 3.5 (1016 – PO)1/2
If the storm central pressure is 990 mb, what is the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area using the formula under the Classification Scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier?
21.7 meters/sec
The storm central pressure is 990 hPa, determine the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area using the formula under the Classification Scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier.
42.2 knots
The approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area is 45 knots. Using the formula developed by Brier and Panofsky, determine the storm central pressure.
985 mb
Using the formula under the Classification Scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier, if the storm central pressure is 993 mb, what is the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area?
20.7 meters/sec
Find the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area if the storm central pressure is 993 hPa using the formula under the Classification Scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier.
40.2 knots
The velocity of winds at low pressure area is approximately 48 knots, determine the storm central pressure using the formula developed by Brier and Panofsky.
980 mb
What is the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area using the formula under the Classification Scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier, if the storm central pressure is 996 mb?
19.6 meters/sec
Calculate the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area using the formula under the Classification Scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier, if the storm central pressure is 996 hPa.
38.0 knots
Using the formula developed by Brier and Panofsky, determine the storm central pressure if the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area is 40 knots.
992 mb
Determine the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area using the formula under the Classification Scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier, if the storm central pressure is 999 mb?
18.3 meters/sec
Solve for the approximate velocity of winds at low pressure area, if the storm central pressure is 999 hPa, using the formula under the Classification Scheme developed by Panofsky and Brier.
35.6 knots
Approximate the storm central pressure if the velocity of winds at low pressure area is more or less 35 knots by using the formula developed by Brier and Panofsky.
1000 mb
The Buys and Ballot’s Law states that when facing the wind, the center of low pressure is between 12-8 points to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. In order to determine the true wind, the movement of _________ is more accurate if they are visible.
lower clouds
The Buys and Ballot’s Law may be erroneous when the circulation of air about the typhoon is not ________. Thus, it may be elliptical or elongated.
Circular
It is a type of cloud which is responsible for halos around the sun and moon.
Cirrostratus
It is a dense sheet of gray or bluish color, at times it is very dark and thick. Its altitude ranges between 6,500 to 20,000 feet.
Altostratus
It is a white or gray cloud generally composed of rounded masses, rolls, etc. Its altitude ranges between 6,500 to 20,000 feet.
Altocumulus
Which of the following types of cloud is categorized as low cloud?
Nimbostratus
Among the following types of cloud which is categorized as middle cloud?
Altostratus
This is a type of cloud which is categorized as high cloud.
Cirrustratus
What type of cloud is NOT included in the principal type?
Nimbocumulus
This is NOT included in the principal types of cloud?
Cumulustratus
Among the principal types of clouds, which of the following is NOT included?
Stratunimbus
In the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force, which of the following descriptive term is NOT included?
Very Strong Storm
Which of the following descriptive term is NOT included in the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force?
Slight breeze
The following are descriptive terms in the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force, which is NOT included?
Violent gale
In the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force, the mean wind speed of 56 - 63 knots indicates a Beaufort Force of:
11
What Beaufort Force in the Beaufort Scale indicates a mean wind speed of 41 - 47 knots?
9
The mean wind speed of 28 - 33 knots indicates which Beaufort Force in the Beaufort Scale?
7
In the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force, Force 12 has a mean wind speed of:
64 knots and over
What average wind speed, in the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force, does Force 10 indicate?
48 - 55 knots
Force 8 indicates an average wind speed of how many knots in the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force?
34 - 40 knots
Which of the following instruments are used to measure humidity?
All of these
Which of the following instruments are used to measure atmospheric pressure?
All of these
An air mass that has moved down from the Scandinivian countries would most likely have what symbol?
cPk
_______________ is the symbol of an air mass which has moved down from Latin American countries such as Colombia and Venezuela.
cTw
The source of an air mass is Baltic Sea, it is labeled as:
mPk
If Persian Gulf is the source of an air mass it is has a symbol of:
mTw
Among the following source of an air mass with a symbol “mTw” is:
Sulu Sea
Which of the following sources of an air mass be labeled “mPk”?
North Sea
Which source of an air mass can be labeled “cPk”?
Canada
________________ is a source of an air mass which has a symbol of “cTw”.
Singapore
The equatorial currents set in what direction?
Westward
The equatorial counter currents set in what direction?
Eastward
When the Gulf Stream water encounter cold air, evaporation is so rapid that it causes:
Frost smoke
The North Atlantic current sets in what direction?
Eastward
In what direction does the Davidson current flow?
Northerly along the California coast
Primarily, an ocean current is caused by what factor?
Prevailing wind
The Canary currents set in what direction?
Southward
Which direction does the Brazillian current set?
Toward the south
The North Pacific current is setting in what direction?
Easterly
Your vessel is in the Kuroshio current, in which direction would you expect to be set?
To the north and east
The Indian Ocean currents flow in what direction?
Have direction change according to the monsoons
On the poleward side of the horse latitudes the winds will be predominently:
Westerly
During the day the temperature of the land becomes warmer than the sea. The result is:
A sea breeze
During the evening the land gives off its heat and falls below the temperature of the water. The result would be:
A land breeze
The summer monsoon is caused by:
A low pressure over the land
The summer monsoon is characterized by:
Southerly winds
The summer monsoon is characterized by:
Rainfall
The winter monsoon is caused by:
A low pressure area over the sea
The winter monsoon is characterized by:
Northerly wind
The winter monsoon is characterized by:
Clear skies
The trade wind blow:
From the belts of high pressure toward the doldrums
The trade wind blow:
From the northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere
The belts of high pressure on the poleward side of the trade winds are called:
Horse latitudes
The primary cause of wind is:
The unequal heating of the earth’s surface
The doldrums are is characterized by:
Overcast, with showers and thundershowers
The Williwaw of the Aleutian coast, the Tehuantepecer of the Mexican and Central American coast, the Pampero of the Argentine coast, the Mistral of the Western Mediterranean, and the Bora of the Eastern Mediterranean are examples of which of the following?
Fall wind
A vertical development clouds that are associated with good weather.
Cumulus clouds
Massive clouds of great vertical development are known as:
Cumulonimbus clouds
How do you describe cirrus clouds?
High altitude clouds of feathery appearance
High altitude clouds composed of small white flakes or scales, or very small globular masses, are called:
Cirrocumulus clouds
High altitude clouds sometimes covering the sky completely, giving it a milky appearance, would be called:
Cirrostratus clouds
Middle altitude clouds consisting of a layer of large, ball-like masses which have a tendency to merge together, are called:
Altocumulus clouds
Middle altitude clouds having the appearance of a grayish or bluish fibrous veil or sheet are called:
Altostratus clouds
It is a low altitude clouds in a uniform layer resembling fog.
Stratus clouds
Low clouds that are dark and shapeless. It is also a typical rain cloud.
Nimbostratus clouds
Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with: I. Thunderstorms II. Tornadoes
Both I and II
What is (are) the predominant feature(s) of the dangerous semicircle of a hurricane? I. Higher winds II. Winds will carry the vessel directly into the path of the hurricane
Both I and II
If warmer air is replacing colder air, this is known as:
A warm front
In the warm sector of a frontal waves, the sky is:
Generally clear with few cumulus or stratocumulus clouds
If colder air is replacing warmer air, this is known as:
A cold front
Tropical cyclones are dangerous to navigate because they: I. Cover an entire ocean II. Have a large amount of energy in a relatively small area
II only
In the Northern Hemisphere, tropical cyclones are most prominent in what month?
September
In the eye of a tropical cyclone, which of the following conditions would you expect to encounter?
Calm wind
You are in the northern hemisphere in a tropical cyclone. The wind is veering. What must you inform the Master concerning the position of your vessel in relation to the storm?
The vessel is in the dangerous semicircle of the storm
You are in the northern hemisphere in a tropical cyclone. What could you recommend to the Master if the wind is veering?
Bring wind on starboard bow, hold course and make as much way as possible
With a tropical cyclone at 300 to 600 miles distance:
Cirrus clouds converge in the direction from which the storm is approaching
The bar of a tropical cyclone is characterized by:
Cumulonimbus clouds
In a tropical cyclone, the barometric pressure will drop to the lowest point at the:
Eye of the storm
While advising the Master concerning a tropical cyclone in the Northern hemisphere, what would you bear in mind?
The navigable semicircle will be to the left of the storm track as you face the direction in which the storm is moving
The wind direction remains steady with increasing speed and falling barometric pressure. What may you report to the Master as to the position of your vessel in relation to a tropical cyclone?
The vessel is on the storm track, in front if the center
Buys Ballot’s law is still a useful aid when the deck officer is determining the direction of the center of a low pressure area. What is this law in the northern hemisphere?
Face into the wind; the center of the low pressure will be 8 to 12 points to your right
As a ship proceeds into higher latitudes, the first form of ice it would be likely to encounter would be in the form of:
Icebergs
An iceberg would generally float with:
Nine tenths of its mass below water
In both hemisphere, ice is rarely encountered in latitudes lower than:
40˚
Why is the Dangerous Semi-Circle so called? I.Higher winds are experienced in this semi-circle II. The winds will carry the vessel directly into the path of the hurricane
Both I and II
The wind system that is prominent in determining the weather on the North American continent is the:
Prevailing westerlies
A low pressure system in the Southern Hemisphere would have which of the following characteristics? I. Winds blowing from the center outwards II. Winds circulating counterclockwise
Neither I nor II
In a high pressure system in the Northern Hemisphere: I. Winds blow outward. II. Winds blow counterclockwise
I only
A swift current occurring in a narrow passage connecting two large bodies of water which is produced by the continuously changing difference in height of tide at the two ends of the passage is called a(n):
hydraulic current
In the Southern hemisphere the wind flow associated with a low pressure system will have which of the following characteristics? I. The wind velocity is least near the center of the system II. The direction of the flow is counter-clockwise
Neither I nor II
The atmosphere in the vicinity of a low pressure area is called a(n):
cold front
When the hurricane passes into high latitudes over colder water and the source of heat is disrupted, the storm assumes the characteristics of:
an extratropical cyclone
A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land and water.
sea breeze
You are attempting to locate your position with reference to a hurricane center in the Northern Hemisphere. If the wind direction remains steady but velocity diminishes with time, you are most likely:
on the storm track behind the center
The primary wind belt which has the greatest effect on the set, drift and depth of the equatorial currents is the:
trade winds
The prevailing winds in the band of the latitude from approximately 15˚ north to 30˚ north are called the:
northeast trade winds
Cyclones having warm sectors usually move:
parallel to the isobars in the warm sector
A frontal thunderstorm is caused by:
a warm air mass rising over a cold air mass
Weather conditions in the middle latitudes move generally in what direction?
Eastward
Which of the following concerning the speed of fronts is TRUE?
Cold fronts move faster than warm fronts
What will occur when a cold air displaces warm air?
Cold front
The barometric pressure usually rises and the temperature drops after the passage of a:
after the passage of a cold front
The visibility improves rapidly:
after the passage of a cold front
Which of the following Katabatic winds is a “FOEHN”?
Chinook
The following are Katabatic winds, which one is a “FALL WIND”?
All of the mentioned choices are correct
The following Katabatic winds are “FALL WIND” except:
Sirrocco
“FOEHN” is a dry wind with a downward component. Which of the following is a “FOEHN”?
All of the mentioned choices are correct
“FALL WIND” is a cold wind which blows down an incline. The following are “FALL WINDS” except:
None of these
These are ice deposits in the temperate regions caused by the sublimation of water vapor directly into crystalline form.
Frost
It is the ratio of the actual vapor content at the current temperature to the air’s vapor holding capability.
Relative humidity
If the isobars are straight the wind is called:
Geostrophic wind
What do you call the wind if the isobars are curved?
Gradient wind
Which of the following weather conditions are expected in the doldrums?
any of the choices
When an observer in the Northern Hemisphere experiences a Southwest wind, according to Buys Ballot’s Law, the center of Low Pressure is located to the:
Northwest
In the Southern Hemisphere, when an observer experiences a Southeast wind, according to Buys Ballot’s Law, where is the center of Low Pressure located?
Northeast
According to Buys Ballot’s Law, when an observer in the Northern Hemisphere experiences a Northwest wind, the center of High Pressure is located which direciton?
Southwest
The center of High Pressure in the Southern hemisphere is to the ______________ of an observer if he experiences a Northeast wind, as per to Buys Ballot’s Law.
Southeast
During a specified time interval, it is a line of equal change in atmospheric pressure.
Isallobar
If you enounter a steady precipitation at sea, this is typical of what kind of weather condition?
A warm front weather condition
Passage of a _________________ is usually associated by brief, violent showers frequently accompanied by thunder and lightning.
cold front
Which of the following may occur along or some distance ahead of a cold front?
all of the choices
It is a weather system in the Philippines which is characterized by rainfall and thunderstorms with occasional passages of tropical storms.
Southwest Monsoon
It is a weather system in the Philippines which is locally known as the “Habagat”.
Southwest Monsoon
The “Southwest Monsoon” is otherwise known as:
Summer monsoon
It is a weather system in the Philippines which is characterized by prevailing northeasterly chilled wind from Siberia.
Northeast Monsoon
It is a weather system in the Philippines which is locally known as the “Amihan”.
Northeast Monsoon
The “Northeast Monsoon” is otherwise known as:
Winter monsoon
Based on the latitude in which it originates, which of the following currents is considered “warm”?
Kuroshio
The following is a part of the “Gulf Stream system” except:
Antilles current
What do you call the waves caused by winds blowing along a coast which tend to set up long waves that travel along the coast raising the sea level at the crest and lowering the sea level at the trough.
Storm surges
What is the safest action to do upon receiving notice that a Tsunami is expected to strike the islands in six hours and you are anchored in the Aleutian island chain.
Get underway and be in deep, open ocean water when the Tsunami arrives
Between latitude 40 deg and 43 deg N, what do you call the cold ocean current which meets the warm Gulf stream to form the “cold wall”?
Labrador current
What do you call the current flowing from the higher latitudes north or south going towards the equator?
Cold current
In the Northern Hemisphere, the deflection of a wind driven currents is to the right of the wind direction and in the Southern Hemisphere, the deflection is to the left, is caused by:
The Coriolis force
In which direction does the Humboldt Current flow?
Northerly
It is an instrument which registers the height of the tide against a scale of the tide data which is recorded for the actual reading computation.
Automatic tide range
Currents are caused by: I. Meteorological factors such as wind and barometric pressure II. Oceanographical factors such as different salinity of water and temperature.
Both I and II
Swell waves caused by ______________ that continue on without relation to local winds.
storms
It is a current flowing along the west coast of the United States in southerly direction which causes extensive fog in that area.
California current
Swell waves emanate from distant storms which continue their progress across the oceans till they reach shallow water when they abruptly steepen, increase in height and sweep to the shore. These waves are known as:
rollers
What do you call the current which is the continuation of the South Pacific Equatorial Current after its division near the Fiji Island.
Rossel Current
In the North Atlantic Ocean, the average number of Hurricanes per annum is:
8
In the Western North Pacific, the Tropical Cyclone is otherwise known as “TYPHOON”, including the Philippines which is locally known as “BAGUIO”. Its annual average is:
22
In the North Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal) has an everage Tropical Cyclones of ___________ in a year.
5 to 6
Subsurface water renewal is achieved by currents which are driven by density differences produced by haline (salinity) and thermal (temperature) effects. Therefore, this associated circulation is referred to as the:
Ekman Transport
Swell generally moves across the surface somewhat regular until it reaches the depth of water of about one half the wavelength. The waves become unstable, topples forward and form a:
breaker
Tropical Depression has a maximum sustained surface wind speed of:
33 knots
What is the highest sustained surface wind speed of a Tropical Storm?
34 to 63 knots
The highest sustained surface wind speed for a Typhoon or Hurricane is:
64 knots and over
It has one or more closed isobars and some rotary circulation at the surface.
Tropical Depression
This has closed isobars and a distinct rotary circulation at the surface.
Tropical Storm
_________________ has closed isobars, a strong and very pronounced rotary circulation.
Typhoon or Hurricane
