Ship Handling for the Mariner Flashcards
1
Q
In day-to-day work, the most useful unit of measurement for estimating turning circles and other distances is the ship’s own length?
A
MacElrevey 10 The correct answer is: True
2
Q
In shallow water a ship’s turning circle is? 1. Larger 2. Smaller 3. The same
A
MacElrevey 10 & 17-18 The correct answer is: Number 1 Larger
3
Q
An average-size ship’s turning circle is usually slightly when the ship turns to the right than to the left 1. Larger 2. Smaller 3. The same
A
MacElrevey 10-11 The correct answer is: Number 1 Larger
4
Q
A VLCC’s turning circle to the right is usually her turning circle to the left. 1. Larger than 2. Smaller than 3. Nearly the same as
A
MacElrevey 11 The correct answer is: Number 3 Nearly the same as
5
Q
When revolutions are increased during a turn, the tactical diameter becomes (or stays)? 1. Larger 2. Smaller 3. The same
A
MacElrevey 11 The correct answer is: Number 2 Smaller
6
Q
For a given rudder angle and engine speed, the rate of turn as the depth of water increases 1. increases 2. decreases 3. does not change
A
MacElrevey 10 & 18 The correct answer is: Number 3 does not change
7
Q
A ship can be backed and filled in the smallest area when turned to the left?
A
MacElrevey 11-13 The correct answer is: False
8
Q
You are aboard an average-sized, loaded, house-aft tanker proceeding through an open roadstead. The wind is blowing hard enough to overcome the normal twisting effect when your ship’s engine goes astern. When you back your ship you would expect her to? 1. Head into the wind when she has headway and back into the wind when she has sternway. 2. Head away from the wind while she has headway and back away from the wind when she has sternway.
A
MacElrevey 14 The correct answer is: Number 1 Head into the wind when she has headway and back into the wind when she has sternway.
9
Q
Assuming there are no extraordinary wind, current, or bank effects, a ship should be swinging moderately to before her engine is put astern. 1. Port 2. Starboard
A
MacElrevey 14-15 The correct answer is: Number one Port
10
Q
A bow thruster is sometimes preferable to tugs because? 1. It is located at the extreme end of the vessel 2. It is always available 3. It is equally effective at slow and fast speeds
A
MacElrevey 15-16 The correct answer is: Number 1 It is located at the extreme end of the vessel and Number 2 It is always available
11
Q
Using a bow thruster has its disavantages: 1. It usually provides less power than a tug 2. It has no effect on headway to slow or hold a ship 3. It can only be used at very light drafts
A
MacElrevey 15-16 The correct answer is: Number 1 It usually provides less power than a tug and Number 2 It has no effect on headway to slow or hold a ship
12
Q
A bow thruster is usually quite effective at speeds up to 5 knots.
A
MacElrevey 15-16 The correct answer is: False
13
Q
When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; the tactical diameter. 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 increases
14
Q
When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; twisting effect when backed 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 increases
15
Q
When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; the rate of turn 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 3 no significant change
16
Q
When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; speed loss during a large course change 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 decreases
17
Q
When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; the speed loss when the engine is stopped 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 decreases
18
Q
When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; the directional stability. 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 increases
19
Q
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased length 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 more positive (or less negative)
20
Q
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased beam. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)
21
Q
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased drag. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 more positive (or less negative)
22
Q
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Decreased UKC. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 more positive (or less negative)
23
Q
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased Cb. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)
24
Q
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: More full sections forward. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
A
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)
25
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased Rudder Angle. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 3 no significant change
26
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Ship Trimmed by the Head. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)
27
How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased Squat by the Head. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)
28
Ships with large block coefficients are more likely to trim by the head in shallow water.
MacElrevey 19 The correct answer is: True
29
Which of the following statements is/are true for ships with negative directional stability. 1. A larger rudder angle is needed for a longer period of time to start a turn 2. A larger rudder angle is needed for a longer period of time to steady up after a turn 3. The ship's rate of turn increases when the rudder is put amidships during a turn
MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 A larger rudder angle is needed for a longer period of time to steady up after a turn and Number 3 The ship's rate of turn increases when the rudder is put amidships during a turn
30
The only effective way to slow a ship is to stop the engine and, if necessary, go astern?
MacElrevey 24-26 The correct answer is: False
31
A VLCC makes a hard-over turn. You would expect her to lose nearly percent of her headway when her heading changes by 90 degrees. 1. 10 2. 20 3. 25 4. 50
MacElrevey 25 The correct answer is: Number 3 25
32
A ship is on your port bow in a crossing situation and her bearing is steady. You reach the point where you doubt collision can be avoided by her actions alone. Usually, it would be better to... 1. Back down 2. Make a round turn
MacElrevey 25-26 The correct answer is: Number 2 Make a round turn
33
A combination pilot ladder/accommodation ladder is required when the distance from the water to the top of the ladder exceeds feet. 1. 10 2. 20 3. 30 4. 50
MacElrevey 29 The correct answer is: Number 3 30
34
Modern containership has more sail area than a full rigged sailing ship.
MacElrevey 34 The correct answer is: True
35
The ship's call letters should be transmitted frequently when communicating by VHF and, in any case, at intervals of 1. before and after every transmission during a series of transmissions with another ship 2. at ten minute intervals 3. before the first transmission and after the last transmission of a VHF converstaion regardless of length
MacElrevey 36-37 The correct answer is: Number 2 at ten minute intervals and Number 3 before the first transmission and after the last transmission of a VHF converstaion regardless of length
36
Mariners have several means for communicating ship's actions and intentions including. 1. Verbal communications such as VHF radio 2. Graphic communications such as CTANS and interactive DGPS 3. Radar and ARPA 4. Whistle Signals
MacElrevey 36-39 The correct answer is: Number 1 Verbal communications such as VHF radio and Number 4 Whistle Signals
37
To break a sheer in narrow channels a pilot should? 1. Reduce engine RPM 2. Increase engine RPM 3. Turn away from the bank and increase distance 4. Increase rudder towards the bank
MacElrevey 47 The correct answer is: Number 2 Increase engine RPM and Number 4 Increase rudder towards the bank
38
Your vessel is steaming parallel to a shoal or bank. Her bow moves away from the shoal or bank.
MacElrevey 47-48 The correct answer is: True
39
Your vessel is steaming parallel to a shoal or bank. Her stern moves towards the bank or shoal?
MacElrevey 47-48 The correct answer is: True
40
Your vessel is steaming parallel to a shoal or bank. Her midbody moves laterally away from the bank.
MacElrevey 47-48 The correct answer is: False
41
Competent shiphandlers don't just react to the ship's behavior and decide on a course of action after a situation develops; they think ahead, anticipate situations, and plan alternative maneuvers.
MacElrevey 49 The correct answer is: True
42
Ships with variable pitch propellers steer best if speed is reduced quickly.
MacElrevey 52 The correct answer is: False
43
Advantages of omnidirectional propulsion systems over conventional systems include 1. Greater safety 2. increased maneuverability 3. reduced reliance on traditional shiphandling skills
MacElrevey 53 The correct answer is: Number 1 Greater safety and Number 2 increased maneuverability
44
Ship handlers should reevaluate any maneuver requiring the repeated use of half or full power.
MacElrevey 55 The correct answer is: True
45
When steering using azipods in the At Sea mode the pod is turned to port to turn the ship to starboard.
MacElrevey 61 The correct answer is: True
46
Using azipods, when is the at sea mode is used? What is their orientation?
MacElrevey 61-63 In open waters. Units parallel to the centerline of the vessel.
47
Using azipods, when is the Harbor mode is used? What is their orientation?
MacElrevey 61-63 In narrow channels. The units set at a 45 degree angle away from the centerline.
48
Using azipods, when is the Docking mode is used? What is their orientation?
MacElrevey 61-63 Used in approaching berths. The inboard unit is parallel to the dock, the outboard unit athwartships.
49
When operating in the Harbor Mode the pods are placed at 45 degrees in opposition to each other. The vessel is turned to port by moving the control ahead and pulling back on the control.
MacElrevey 62 Starboard, Port
50
When in Docking Mode and going port side to the berth, the pod is placed parallel to the centerline, and the pod is placed in the 3 o'clock position with the propeller .
MacElrevey 62-63 Port, Starboard, Outboard
51
When researching various methods for standardizing azipod commands, some pilot groups found it worked well to use... 1. Standard steering and engine commands in the At Sea mode 2. standard steering and engine commands in the Harbor and Docking modes 3. clock positions and percentage of power for all modes 4. clock positions and percentage of power for Harbor and Docking modes
MacElrevey 63-64 The correct answer is: Number 1 Standard steering and engine commands in the At Sea mode and Number 4 clock positions and percentage of power for Harbor and Docking modes
52
When operating under computer control, the shiphandler is controlling? 1. revolutions per minute of the pod and thruster and direction of the thruster and pod forces 2. resultant power, speed, and vessel movement
MacElrevey 65 The correct answer is: Number 2 resultant power, speed, and vessel movement
53
Experienced mariners limit the use of computer control when maneuvering near docks and fixed objects. A good rule of thumb is to change from automatic to manual control when within of a hazard 1. three ship lengths 2. 100 feet 3. one ship length
MacElrevey 66 The correct answer is: Number 3 one ship length
54
Standardized commands for maneuvering azipod vessels are important because. 1. Lack of standard commands makes it impossible to follow recommended BRM practices. 2. Lack of standard commands makes it necessary to have a single person both conning and controlling engine and thruster movements 3. Pilots and deck officers lose situational awareness when standard commands and conning practices are not used 4. The pilot cannot fulfill requirements under law to control the vessel or provide sufficient controls to be held responsible for maneuvering in many situations without standardized commands
MacElrevey 67-70 The correct answer is: All Of The Above
55
The tactical diameter is when the object moves ahead relative to the shipboard reference point. 1. increasing 2. decreasing
MacElrevey 75-77 The correct answer is: Number 2 decreasing
56
The rate of turn is if the object moves ahead more rapidly. 1. increasing 2. decreasing
MacElrevey 56 The correct answer is: Number 2 decreasing
57
It is best to overtake and pass close by another ship in a narrow channel at very slow speed, while the overtaken ship should increase her speed before being passed.
MacElrevey 80 The correct answer is: False
58
The clicking sound made by the gyro compass should be eliminated as it distracts the pilot.
MacElrevey 81 The correct answer is: False
59
A rate-of-turn indicator usually indicates turning rate in per second or per minute. 1. meters/feet 2. tenths of a degree/degrees 3. degrees/degrees 4. feet/feet
MacElrevey 83 The correct answer is: Number 2 tenths of a degree/degrees
60
The change in mean draft is know as? 1. Sinkage 2. Squat 3. Trim
MacElrevey 85 The correct answer is: Number 1 Sinkage
61
Hull rotation about the transverse axis and resulting change in draft forward or aft is known as? 1. Sinkage 2. Squat 3. Trim
MacElrevey 83 The correct answer is: Number 3 Trim
62
The increase in deep draft forward or aft is called? 1. Sinkage 2. Squat 3. Trim
MacElrevey 83 The correct answer is: Number 2 Squat
63
The increasing pressure drop under a hull and the corresponding increase in squat caused by water flowing under the hull at increased velocity as the ship's speed increases is due to what principle?
MacElrevey 85 Bernoulli's
64
Ships always trim by the stern in shallow water.
MacElrevey 90-91 The correct answer is: False
65
The pilot or ship's officer can reduce sinkage and squat by reducing the.... 1. block coefficient 2. speed 3. blockage factor 4. the rate and period of acceleration
MacElrevey 96-97 The correct answer is: Number 2 speed and Number 4 the rate and period of acceleration
66
Squat for a given speed and hull condition in confined water is that in open water. 1. half 2. twice
MacElrevey 87-88 The correct answer is: Number 2 twice
67
What is the standard formula for Squat
MacElrevey 87-88 S = Cb x V2 / 30 Where: S = Speed Cb = Block Coefficient V2 = Knots
68
UKC is influenced by several factors including. 1. Vessel Speed 2. Channel Dimensions 3. Changes in Engine Revolutions 4. Vessel Interaction
MacElrevey 95 The correct answer is: All Of The Above
69
How much is UKC is reduced when two ships pass in a narrow channel because squat increasing dependant on ship speed and distance of separation?
MacElrevey 95-98 50 - 100 or more%
70
UKC is reduced significantly as a ship accelerates and squat increases as much as %.
MacElrevey 95-97 You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 100 2. one hundred
71
On wide beam ships rolling may have more effect on UKC than squat.
MacElrevey 95 The correct answer is: True
72
Changes in the shape of the channel have no effect on squat so long as the blockage factor does not change.
MacElrevey 95-98 The correct answer is: False
73
A tug being used for ship work can only be used to move a ship's bow or stern laterally?
MacElrevey 106 The correct answer is: False
74
You are docking a ship using two tugs. You have the quarter tug stand off until just before the ship enters the slip. Give two reasons for this.
MacElrevey 108 1. The after tug acts as drag, reducing the effectiveness of the rudder, especially at slow speeds when the shiphandler is trying to move the stern laterally without any increase in speed. 2. The stern tug tends to set the stern away from the side on which she is made fast. This effect increases the angle at which the tug lies to the ship increases, since the tug is acting as a rudder of the dimentions of the tug's underwater profile.
75
What is the signal for increase to full power?
MacElrevey 105 Series of short, rapid blasts.
76
What is the signal for tug dismissed. Let go?
MacElrevey 105 On long, two short.
77
What is the signal for if working, stop?
MacElrevey 105 One blast.
78
What is the signal for if pushing, increase power.
MacElrevey 105 Series of short, rapid blasts.
79
What is the signal for come ahead, dead slow.
MacElrevey 105 One long blast.
80
What is the signal for back the tug, normal power?
MacElrevey 105 Two blasts
81
What is the signal for if stopped, come ahead?
MacElrevey 105 One blast.
82
What is the signal for if backing, increase power.
MacElrevey 105 Series of short, rapid blasts.
83
A bow thruster if used correctly has the same effects on a ship as a tug made fast on the bow?
MacElrevey 106 The correct answer is: False
84
A tug's lines don't have to be heaved up tight, when lashed up alongside, if she has good leads for both spring and head lines.
MacElrevey 111-112 The correct answer is: False
85
It is important that the pilot keep moving about the wheelhuose so as to always have a good view of every part of the ship while docking or doing other work.
MacElrevey 115-116 The correct answer is: False
86
There are several techniques a shiphandler can use to hold a ship in position in a channel or other confined area including... I. steam on the anchor at slow engine speeds II. anchor on a short scope of chain with the current from ahead III. simply back and fill in the channel 1. I only 2. II only 3. III only 4. all of the above
MacElrevey 118 The correct answer is: Number 4 all of the above
87
Generally, the less expereinced shiphandlers have, the _____ they work. 1. faster 2. slower
MacElrevey 118 The correct answer is: Number 1 faster
88
Quickwater moves ahead at about the same speed as the ship when making about ____ knots. 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3
MacElrevey 119-120 The correct answer is: Number 1 1
89
Quickwater begins to move forward, up the ship's side when the ship is making a speed of approximately _____ knots, and the quickwater reaches the ship's midsection when the ship is moving at a speed of ____ knots. 1. 1/0 2. 2/1 3. 3/2
MacElrevey 119-120 The correct answer is: Number 1 1/0
90
An experinced shiphandler always looks at objects ahead of the ship when estimating speed during an maneuver because it is difficult to detect movement by looking abeam or abaft the beam.
MacElrevey 120-121 The correct answer is: False
91
Why is it better to approach the berth with less angle when docking a ship with a right hand propeller starboard side to the dock?
MacElrevey 122 Becasue the quickwater moving up from the stern when backing down acts as a cushion, or wedge effect.
92
Ships docking at a wharf in a strong current can expect to be set off the berth just as they come alongside becasue of the ____ and the ____, especially when ther is a bank or solid face below the wharf. 1. hydraulic cushsion / Bernoulli effect 2. Bernoulli effect / eddy current 3. hydraulic cushion / eddy current
MacElrevey 126-127 The correct answer is: Number 3 hydraulic cushion / eddy current
93
It is best to think of a ship as being docked stern first when she is docking with the current from astern. The dockings is done as if the ship were moving _____ relative to the _____. 1. ahead/water 2. ahead/bottom 3. astern/water 4. astern/bottom
MacElrevey 126-127 The correct answer is: Number 3 astern/water
94
When docking at a wharf with the current from astern, the _____ is used to move her laterally the last few feet from the berth. 1. current 2. engine
MacElrevey 111 The correct answer is: Number 1 current
95
Your ship is docking port side to a wharf parallel to the channel. There is a strong ebb current as you come alongside, and the tugs are made fast at the bow and stern. I. the tugs should come full ahead at a 90-degree angle to the ship to pin the ship tight alongside and prevent movement while the ship's lines are run. II. the tugs should work at an angle towards the ship, into the current, to hold the ship both alongside and into the current III. the tugs should come ahead parallel to the ship's side, against the current, to hold the ship in position while lines are run to keep the ship alongside. 1. I only 2. II only 3. III only 4. either I or III
MacElrevey 127 The correct answer is: Number 2 II only
96
A competent shiphandler plans a job so that wind and current can be used as aids to maneuvering rather than foreces to be overcome.
MacElrevey 129 The correct answer is: True
97
A 1 knot current exerts the same force on a given surface as ____ knot(s) of wind. 1. 1 2. 10 3. 20 4. 30
MacElrevey 130 The correct answer is: Number 4 30
98
A ship moving at 2 knots moves approximately _____ in one minute. 1. 50 feet 2. 100 feet 3. 200 feet 4. 200 yards
MacElrevey 132 The correct answer is: Number 3 200 feet
99
Lateral motion can be caused by... I. wind and current II. turning the ship III. extended use of tugs 1. I an II 2. I and III 3. all of the above 4. ships do not move laterally
MacElrevey 132-133 The correct answer is: Number 3 all of the above
100
You are docking a ship with a right-hand propeller and she is about to come alongside and be stopped, in position, at the berth. The ship should be set up for backing to allow for, and use to advantage, the normal twisting effect as the ship goes astern. This is most commonly done... I. when docking starboard side to, by kicking the engine ahead with hard port rudder before going astern. II. when docking port side to, by kicking the engine ahead with hard starboard rudder before going astern. III. when docking port side to, by going astern to take off headway and bring the ship alongside. 1. both I and II 2. both I and III 3. III only 4. none of the above
MacElrevey 133-134 The correct answer is: Number 2 both I and III
101
It's important to always put the rudder amidships before the engine starts turning astern.
MacElrevey 134 The correct answer is: False
102
Quickwater can have a significant effect, forcing a ship away from the berth when docking starboard side to.
MacElrevey 134-135 The correct answer is: True
103
Ships must usually be forced into a berth and maneuvered using full revolutions ahead and astern, becuase shiphandling is not a subtle art.
MacElrevey 136 The correct answer is: False
104
Which of the following statements about landing a ship alongside a berth is/are true? I. a ship should be parallel to the pier when she lands alongside so all frames along the parallel midbody can absorb equally the force of landing. II. a ship should be at an angle to the pier when she lands alongside the wharf or pier to minimize the effects of quickwater as she stops. 1. I only 2. II only 3. both I and II 4. neither I or II
MacElrevey 136-137 The correct answer is: Number 1 I only
105
Docking is, by its very nature, a simple maneuver that requires less planning than a docking?
MacElrevey 139-140 The correct answer is: False
106
In a ballasted condition, it's usually better to have too much drag than not enough, if such trim is necessary to get the propeller and rudder well submerged.
MacElrevey 140-141 The correct answer is: True
107
It is best to approach a potential hazard such as a pier or shoal stern first because you can always put the engine ahead to reduce sternway.
MacElrevey 150 The correct answer is: False
108
You are about to undock a ship berthed port side to at a wharf. Ships are berthed close ahead and astern, so the ship must be moved laterally to starboard, away from the berth, to clear those ships. Only one tug is available. Describe one way to accomplish this. The tug _____ at a 45-degree angle towards the stern, while the ship's engine turn's ahead and her rudder is put hard to _____. 1. comes ahead/starboard 2. backs/starboard 3. comes ahead/port 4. backs/port
MacElrevey 142-144 The correct answer is: Number 4 backs/port
109
You are about to undock a ship berthed port side to at a wharf. Ships are berthed close ahead and astern, so the ship must be moved laterally to starboard, away from the berth, to clear those ships. Only one tug is available. Describe one way to accomplish this. The tug could be made fast _____ with at least one backing line from the tug's bow. 1. forward 2. aft
MacElrevey 142-144 The correct answer is: Number 1 forward
110
Your ship is docked starboard side to her berth. A tug is made fast on the port bow and the last line has been let go. The ship has a right-hand turning propeller. There is no ship berthed astern. The ship's engine is put astern. The stern will move ____ the berth unless there is a strong current or wind countering the propeller's effect. 1. toward 2. away from
MacElrevey 144-146 The correct answer is: Number 2 away from
111
Your ship is docked starboard side to her berth. A tug is made fast on the port bow and the last line has been let go. The ship has a right-hand turning propeller. There is no ship berthed astern. The ship's engine is put astern. the bow moves ______ the berth as the ship's speed increases. 1. toward 2. away from
MacElrevey 144-146 The correct answer is: Number 1 toward
112
Your ship is docked starboard side to her berth. A tug is made fast on the port bow and the last line has been let go. The ship has a right-hand turning propeller. There is no ship berthed astern. The ship's engine is put astern. The tug will ____ to steady the ship as she moves astern out of the berth. 1. back 2. come ahead
MacElrevey 144-146 The correct answer is: Number 1 back
113
Your ship is berthed port side to her berth. One tug is available and is made up on the starboard bow. There is no ship berthed astern, but you will need to back approximately 300 feet to get clear of the ship. Descibe one way to do this job. A. The tug comes _____. (ahead / astern) B. This moves the ship's _____ towards ths berth. (bow / stern) C. The tug continues _____ until the ship is at a significant angle to the peir. (pushing / pulling) D. This is necessary becasue the stern will move _____ the pier when the engine goes astern and the ship backs from the berth. (toward / away from)
MacElrevey 145 A. Ahead B. Bow C. Pushing D. Toward
114
A ship's bow can be moved or canted towards a pier before undocking by... I. Pushing with a tug II. Letting go the forward spring, then heaving on the headline III. Coming ahead dead slow against the sping line with rudder hard over towards the dock. 1. I only 2. I and II 3. I and III 4. all of the above
MacElrevey 145 The correct answer is: Number 4 all of the above
115
Face ____ when moving a ship stern first. 1. ahead 2. astern
MacElrevey 152 The correct answer is: Number 2 astern
116
When turning in a tidal basin, it's usually best to... I. Turn the ship with some headway to complete the maneuver in the least time and to minimize the effects of currents. II. Turn the ship in the up current side of the basin to avoid being set out of the basin before completing the maneuver. III. Have as much headway off the ship as possible before starting the turn in a basin. 1. I only 2. I and II 3. II and III 4. none of the above
MacElrevey 152-153 The correct answer is: Number 3 II and III
117
Ships fitted with variable-pitch propellers respond in a ____ manner than ships fitted with conventional propellers when the engine goes astern. 1. more predictable 2. less predictable
MacElrevey 150-151 The correct answer is: Number 2 less predictable
118
Variable pitch propellers should be fitted with _____ propellers. 1. right-hand 2. left-hand
MacElrevey 151 The correct answer is: Number 2 left-hand
119
Always dismiss the forward tug as soon as possible to reduce tug charges.
MacElrevey 155 The correct answer is: False
120
The pilot's duties include clarifying the intentions of other ships and making safe meeting arragements with those ships, and the master should not release the pilot at departure until this is done.
MacElrevey 157 The correct answer is: True
121
Safe speed at departure is to a large extent determined by... I. The shiphandler's experince and confidence in his shiphandling ability. II. The depth of water, the speed of departing traffic, and the weather conditions. 1. I only 2. II only 3. all of the above 4. none of the above
MacElrevey 157 The correct answer is: Number 2 II only
122
By increasing speed and moving faster than other departing traffic, the shiphandler significantly reduces the potential for collision.
MacElrevey 158-159 The correct answer is: False
123
Modern bridge equipment has made it possible for the ship's master to con a ship to sea with little or no assistance from the other ship's officer.
MacElrevey 159-160 The correct answer is: False
124
Passage planning that stresses a pocket course card, formal pilot/master exchange of information, and charts with preplanned courses, turning bearings, distances, operating notes, and other navigation information noted in ink is preferable to pages of written instructions.
MacElrevey 161-162 The correct answer is: True
125
A competent shiphandler can anchor safely in any anchorage and never has to lay off for conditions to improve.
MacElrevey 165 The correct answer is: False
126
Anchoring is one continuous evolution and considering it in parts makes it unnecessarily complicated.
MacElrevey 166-167 The correct answer is: False
127
Allowance should be made one degree at a time for set and leeway when maneuvering at slow speeds in an anchorage.
MacElrevey 168 The correct answer is: False
128
A ship moving at 3 knots moves at about ____ feet ahead in one minute. 1. 50 2. 100 3. 200 4. 300
MacElrevey 169 The correct answer is: Number 4 300
129
1. A ship 600 feet long, moving at 3 knots, would require about ____ minutes for her entire hull, bow to stern, to pass a fixed point. 2. And a one knot current on the beam sets a 600 foot ship about ____ feet in that amount of time. 1. one 2. two 3. three 4. four
MacElrevey 169 About 100 feet The correct answer is: Number 2 two
130
A ship can turn and maneuver to depart from a crowed anchorage by heaving short and maneuvering on her anchor.
MacElrevey 171 The correct answer is: True
131
Ship's lie at anchor on their final heading. I. lying to the strong force, wind or current, affecting the ship. II. lying to the resultant of all forces acting on the ship. III. lying into the current 1. I only 2. II only 3. both I and II 4. all of the above 5. none of the above
MacElrevey 173-174 The correct answer is: Number 2 II only
132
List three reasons it is important to have a ship on her final heading before letting go.
MacElrevey 174 1. The chain will lead clear of the hull as it is slacked out. 2. Wear and strain on the chain, stem, windlass, and the mate's paint budget. 3. The chain is laid out along teh bottom neatly and quickly 4. The chip can be positioned among other ships and obstructions with our concern about swinging clear after the anchor fetches up since your vessel is already on the same heading as those ships.
133
The major difference between the apparent motion of closer ships or objects and farther objects or the shoreline can be used to accurately detect lateral motion and motion ahead and astern.
MacElrevey 176-177 The correct answer is: True
134
Go astern to estimate ship's speed through the water ____ the final anchoring location, when anchoring ____. 1. when at/at night 2. before reaching/at night 3. when at/at all times 4. before reaching/at all times
MacElrevey 179 The correct answer is: Number 4 before reaching/at all times
135
Always place the anchor halfway between ships anchored ahead and astern so your ship will lie at an equal distance from all ships when your anchor fetches up.
MacElrevey 180 The correct answer is: False
136
Ships at anchor always appear ______ your ship than they are actually lying. 1. closer to 2. farther from
MacElrevey 183 The correct answer is: Number 1 closer to
137
There is a significant risk of damaging a ship's rudder and propeller with a stern anchor. Make sure the ship is ____ before letting go a stern anchor and that sternway is ____ when heaving the stern anchor. 1. moving astern/increased 2. stopped/minimized 3. moving astern/minimized 4. stopped/increased
MacElrevey 189 The correct answer is: Number 2 stopped/minimized
138
It's important to use the proper amount of chain when handling a ship with her anchor. Used correctly, the anchor will drag along with conciderable resistance, but it won't dig in and hold.
MacElrevey 194 The correct answer is: True
139
It is unusual for anchors to be used in day-to-day shiphandling because anchors are ineffective with today's larger ships.
MacElrevey 191 The correct answer is: False
140
An anchor is only used for shiphandling in emergencies when maneuvering today's larger ships.
MacElrevey 191 The correct answer is: False
141
A ship sheers immediately and violently to the side on which an anchor is dropped.
MacElrevey 191 The correct answer is: False
142
The offshore anchor is recommended when docking a ship because... I. There is more chance of the anchor digging in and holding. II. There is less chance of damaging the hull and chain. III. The offshore anchor may be used later to heave off the berth and undock with minimum damage to hull and chain. 1. I only 2. II only 3. both II and III 4. all of the above 5. none of the above
MacElrevey 192-193 The correct answer is: Number 3 both II and III
143
Static friction (when the wildcat is not turning) between the asbestos brake band and the windlass's brake drum is approximately ____ times as great as dynamic friction 1. two 2. three 3. five 4. ten
MacElrevey 194 The correct answer is: Number 2 three
144
When docking using an anchor, using the correct amount of anchor chain.... I. the bow is steadied. II. the ship losses headway when the engine is stopped. III. the ship responds to her rudder without gaining headway at low RPMs. IV. the ship can be moved ahead by further increasing revolutions. 1. I only 2. II and III only 3. all of the above 4. none of the above
MacElrevey 195 The correct answer is: Number 3 all of the above
145
A ship can be turned in a considerably smaller area using an anchor.
MacElrevey 198 The correct answer is: True
146
In an emergency, let go one anchor with enough chain to be certain the anchor will dig in and hold, and not drag, as the ship moves ahead.
MacElrevey 194 The correct answer is: False
147
Currents at the enterance to locks can be caused by... I. spilling of water from the chamber. II. difference between the density of the water in the chamber and the water outside the chamber. 1. I only 2. II only 3. both I and II 4. neither I or II
MacElrevey 205-206 The correct answer is: Number 3 both I and II
148
The best heading for approaching a single-point mooring is indicated by the heading of anchored ships and the reciprocal of the direction which the floating hoses trail from the buoy.
MacElrevey 212 The correct answer is: False
149
The wind has little effect on VLCCs, so these ships approach single-point moorings directly into the current.
MacElrevey 212 The correct answer is: False
150
The safest, most expedient approach to a single-point mooring is made by... I. heading directly at the mooring, keeping the buoy dead ahead as ship's engine goes astern and stopping near the pickup buoy. II. making a significant course change, preferably to port, to come to the final approach heading, and then keeping the buoy fine on the port bow as the ship approached the SPM. 1. I only 2. II only 3. either I or II 4. neither I or II
MacElrevey 213-214 The correct answer is: Number 1 I only
151
During ship-to-ship lightering operations, there is less chance of damage if the yokohama fenders are rigged on the VLCC rather than the offtaker.
MacElrevey 217 The correct answer is: False
152
It is important that mooring wires used by ships engaged in ship-to-ship lightering have synthetic tails or pendants... I. even though they make the wires more diffcult to handle. II. because they make it possible for ships to break apart more quickly in an emergency. III. beacuse they absorb some of the surge that might otherwise part the wires. 1. I only 2. II and III 3. III only 4. Synthetic tails should not be used for this purpose
MacElrevey 219 The correct answer is: Number 2 II and III
153
When approaching the offtaker, the VLCC proceeds at the ____ possible speed. 1. minimum 2. maximum
MacElrevey 219 The correct answer is: Number 1 minimum
154
During the approach the VLCC should head ____ the prevailing wind and swell. 1. into 2. across
MacElrevey 219 The correct answer is: Number 1 into
155
During the approach the offtaker ____ the VLCC's quarter and comes alongside. 1. stays close to 2. keeps clear of
MacElrevey 219 The correct answer is: Number 2 keeps clear of
156
Anchors can be used to steer a ship backing to a berth or mooring, beacuse the ship's stern will move to port if the starboard anchor is held, and to starboard if the port anchor is held.
MacElrevey 227 The correct answer is: True
157
When making a Mediterranean moor, the ship should back with her engines until in position, close up to the berth, before running any lines.
MacElrevey 230 The correct answer is: False
158
Departing a multiple-buoy mooring or Mediterranean moor, it's usually best to... I. heave the weather anchor short. II. steam on the weather anchor as required while heaving home the lee anchor. III. steam away from the mooring as soon as the lee anchor breaks free, heaving on and dragging both anchors until well clear of the buoys or the berth. 1. I only 2. II and III only 3. all of the above 4. none of the above
MacElrevey 230 The correct answer is: Number 3 all of the above
159
Williamson Turns are less effective with a VLCC because whe maintians her speed longer and the vessel's path of travel is less predictable.
MacElrevey 213 The correct answer is: False
160
When making a Williamson Turn, a ship should always be steadied up 60 degrees from her initial heading before starting a hard-over turn in the opposite direction.
MacElrevey 231-232 The correct answer is: False
161
Twin-screw ships fitted with single rudders are generally more responsive at slow speeds through the water when the engines are stopped.
MacElrevey 235 The correct answer is: True
162
Twin-screw ships can be moved laterally towards a berth by pushing the bow with a tug or bow thruster and backing the ____ engine while coming ahead on the other engine. 1. offshore 2. inshore
MacElrevey 235-236 The correct answer is: Number 1 offshore
163
VLCCs generally steer well at very slow speeds.
MacElrevey 244 The correct answer is: True
164
VLCCs usually go astern to avoid close quarters situations.
MacElrevey 244 The correct answer is: False
165
Safe speed" is the same for all sizes of ships."
MacElrevey 244 The correct answer is: False
166
Shallow water effects are felt at a greater depth-to-draft ratios by loaded VLCCs than by smaller ships.
MacElrevey 246 The correct answer is: False
167
The term constrained by draft" should take into consideration both shallow water effects and danger of grounding."
MacElrevey 246 The correct answer is: True
168
Hydrodynamic effects are different for VLCCs.
MacElrevey 247 The correct answer is: False
169
VLCCs are less easily damaged when coming alongside a berth.
MacElrevey 247 The correct answer is: False
170
VLCCs should be closer to a berth than smaller ships before mooring lines are sent ashore.
MacElrevey 247 The correct answer is: True
171
Longer ships are more difficult to bring flat alongside because perspective makes the farther end appear much closer to the berth than the closer end (the 'railroad track' effect).
MacElrevey 247-248 The correct answer is: True
172
Onboard traning and experince is important because... I. it is impossible to teach some marine skills in a classroom. II. priorities needed to apply theory to real-world situations can only be learned onboard the ship. III. masters and senior officers can transfer the lessons gained from experince through shipboard training. IV. it's possible to learn most skills, such as shiphandling, simply by watching senior officers and pilots at work. 1. I only 2. both I and III 3. both II and III 4. IV only
MacElrevey 253-254 The correct answer is: Number 2 both I and III
173
Deck officers cannot become effective watch officers and shiphandler's until... I. they have twenty years' experince at sea. II. they have hands hands-on" drills and feel comfortable using equipment. III. they learn not to touch equipment unless absolutely necessary. 1. I only 2. II only 3. III only 4. I and III"
MacElrevey 255-256 The correct answer is: Number 2 II only
174
Simulators are innovative training aids becuase they make it possible to... I. learn to prioritize tasks and perform several tasks concurrently. II. watch experts work. III. transfer classrom theory to real-time situations. IV. learn most shipboard work without spending a great deal of time aboard ship. 1. I only 2. II only 3. II and IV 4. I and III
MacElrevey 261-262 The correct answer is: Number 4 I and III
175
Simulator type is more important than instructor experince when judging potential benefits of a traning facility
MacElrevey 274-275 The correct answer is: False
176
Professional instructors are preferable to professional mariners at simulator training facilities.
MacElrevey 274-275 The correct answer is: False
177
The following mariner's skill could be improved with simulator training: Shiphandling
MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True
178
The following mariner's skill could be improved with simulator training: Rules of the road appilcations and maneuvering with other ships.
MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True
179
The following mariner's skill could be improved with simulator training: Bridge Organization
MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True
180
The following mariner's skill could be improved with simulator training: Watchkeeping Practices
MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True
181
The following mariner's skill could be improved with simulator training: Restricted Visibility Navigation
MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True
182
The following mariner's skill could be improved with simulator training: Emergency Proceedures
MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True
183
The following mariner's skill could be improved with simulator training: Ship-To-Ship Communication Proceedures
MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True
184
The computer-based simulator is an advancement that is replacing the ship-model type simulator at most training facilities.
MacElrevey 271-272 The correct answer is: True
185
The most important component of the simulator course is the... 1. simulator 2. instructor 3. curriculum 4. all of the above
MacElrevey 274 The correct answer is: All Of The Above
186
Performance-based testing on simulators should overload the student with senarios that are more difficult than real-world situations.
MacElrevey 276 The correct answer is: False
187
Time should be divided between the briefing, simulator session, and debriefing approximately... 1. 1/4, 1/2, 1/4 2. 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 3. 1/4, 1/4, 1/2 4. the debriefing is only necessary if students make many errors
MacElrevey 282 The correct answer is: Number 2 1/3, 1/3, 1/3
188
It isn't particularly important that pilots posses traditional seagoing skills because their main task is advising shipmasters of courses and speeds from point to point.
MacElrevey 289 The correct answer is: False
189
A pilot whose services are required by law is a _____ pilot. 1. compulsory 2. voluntary
MacElrevey 290-291 The correct answer is: Number 1 compulsory
190
A pilot taken at the master's option is a ____ pilot. 1. compulsory 2. voluntary
MacElrevey 289 The correct answer is: Number 2 voluntary
191
A compulsory pilot is aboard in a purely advisory capacity and as such has no responsibility or liability for his actions.
MacElrevey 291 The correct answer is: False
192
There is no significant differences between the responsibilites of the compulsory and the voluntary pilot.
MacElrevey 289 The correct answer is: False
193
Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The pilot is intoxicated
MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: Yes
194
Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The pilot demonstrates gross incompetence
MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: Yes
195
Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The master knows a more expident way to complete the maneuver.
MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: No
196
Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The vessel is standing into danger that is not obvious to the pilot.
MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: Yes
197
Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The pilot's actions are in error due to the circumstances or the limitations of the ship being handled.
MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: Yes
198
Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The master recommends a change that the pilot rejects.
MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: No
199
Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? A master must wait until the ship is in extremis" before relieving a compulsory pilot."
MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: False
200
It is essential that the master be a competent shiphandler because, under certain circumstances, he has a responsibility to relieve a pilot in a timely and effective manner.
MacElrevey 293 The correct answer is: True
