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CSWS > Sherry Vinification > Flashcards

Sherry Vinification Flashcards

1
Q

What is Primera Yema?

A

First press, with very light pressure

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2
Q

What type of Sherry is the Primera yema preferably used for?

A

Fino, Manzanilla, Amontillado

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3
Q

What is Segundo Pie?

A

second press, obtained with higher pressure pressing

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4
Q

What type of Sherry is sugundo pie used for?

A

Due to more structure and solid parts of grapes, it is used to produce Oloroso wines

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5
Q

What is the maximum yield of grapes for Sherry must?

A

Maximum 70 l/100kg of juice from grapes for DO must

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6
Q

What is prensas and what is it used for?

A

Third press, used for distillation

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7
Q

What is the 4th press used for?

A

Vinegar

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8
Q

What is desfangado?

A

Settling process where solid particles in the must are removed

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9
Q

What is pie de Cuba?

A

Already fermenting must will is added to juice in fermentation tanks. Takes up 2-10% of total volume of new musts

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10
Q

When does the initial classification take place?

A

After the fermentation completes

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11
Q

What is encabezado?

A

Fortification

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12
Q

What is mitad y mitad?

A

Half wine half alcohol used to fortify the wine

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13
Q

Do distilled wines have to come from Jerez too for mitad y mitad?

A

No

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14
Q

What are the two main groups of classification?

A

Finos and Manzanillas, or Olorosos

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15
Q

Finos and Manzanillas are fortified to what abv?

A

Total abv of 15%

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16
Q

Olorosos are fortified to what total abv?

A

Min 17% abv

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17
Q

Why are Olorosos fortified to at least 17% abv?

A

Flor cannot survive, and oxidative aging will occur

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18
Q

What is the alcohol tolerance of yeast?

A

Around 16%

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19
Q

What is Sobretablas?

A

The intermediate period between fortifying the sherry to 15% and the beginning of aging

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20
Q

What is the Baumé for PX grapes?

A

16°

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21
Q

What is the sugar content of PX must after drying?

A

450-500 g/l sugar content

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22
Q

What is the most commonly used barrel for Sherry?

A

600 liter American oak - or bota bodeguera

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the large empty space in a vaulted ceiling in a bodega?

A

The large empty space acts as an insulating chamber, regulating temperature and humidity

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24
Q

What is albero?

A

A porous material which covers the floors and increases and maintains cool conditions, since once saturated it gives up water

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25
Q

What is aspillado?

A

Doing inventory to check the amount of wine inside the sherry casks

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26
Q

What is saca?

A

Extracting Sherry from the Solera for final bottling

27
Q

What are criaderas or escalas?

A

Levels of the soleraje, or complete solar system

28
Q

What is the escala containing the most aged wine called?

A

The level that contains the most aged wine and is placed on the floor is called the solera

29
Q

What is rocío?

A

The task of replenishing the voids in the barrels with wine from the above escala

30
Q

The void left in the last (or youngest criadera) will be replenished with what?

A

Freshly produced base wine from the recent vintage

31
Q

What are cabezuelas?

A

Fine deposits that accumulate at the bottom of the barrel over the years in biologically aged wine

32
Q

What is the result of the solera and criaderas system?

A

Wines of an overall age

33
Q

Why is it difficult to produce a biologically aged vintage sherry?

A

Vintage casks must be kept completely sealed under the supervision of the Consejo Regulador, limiting circulation and the possibility of flor to survive

34
Q

What is the average age of VOS?

A

20 years

35
Q

What is the average age of VORS?

A

30 years

36
Q

What is Añada sherry?

A

Single vintage

37
Q

What are certified years of sherry you’ll see on labels?

A

12 years and 15 years

38
Q

What does flor do?

A

Protects wine from oxidation, consumes alcohol, metabolizes glycerin or volatile acidity

39
Q

What are the avg temperatures and humidity levels for the development and survival of flor?

A

20°/68° and >65% humidity

40
Q

T/F must obtained from muscatel or PX undergoes only partial fermentation?

A

T. The new, partially fermented wine is added to the youngest criadera

41
Q

What is a cabecos?

A

Blend or blended sherry (vinos generoses de licor)

42
Q

How are blended sherries made?

A

Blending dry wine as a base with a certain amount of Pedro ximénez or moscatel or concentrated must

43
Q

Wines produced from these blends are sweet wines with what sugar content?

A

Greater than 5 g/l

44
Q

What are medium sherries?

A

Blends from base wines of amontillado’s or olorosos

45
Q

What is the typical sugar range for medium sherries?

A

5-115 g/l

46
Q

What are cream sherries?

A

Blends from base wines of Oloroso

47
Q

What is the typical sugar range for Cream sherry?

A

115-140 g/l

48
Q

What does VOS stand for?

A

Vinum Optimum Signatum

49
Q

What does VORS stand for?

A

Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum

50
Q

What styles of Sherry are eligible for VOS/VORS?

A

Amontillado, Palo Cortado, Oloroso, PX

51
Q

What are En Rama sherries?

A

Sherries only lightly filtered to remove solids or remains of flor

52
Q

What are the characters of En Rama sherry?

A

Greater intensity and color, less clarity in glass, earlier evolution in the bottle

53
Q

What are vinos generosos?

A

Dry sherries, made almost exclusively with the palomino variety

54
Q

What styles of Sherry are vinos generosos?

A

Fino, manzanilla, amontillado, oloroso, palo cortado

55
Q

What are dulces naturales?

A

Naturally sweet sherries

56
Q

What styles of sherry are dulces naturales?

A

Moscatel, PX

57
Q

What are generous de licor?

A

Blended Sherries

58
Q

When is it recommended to consume most sherries?

A

In the year after bottling

59
Q

How long can you keep Biological sherries?

A

Closed: 2 years, Open: 2 weeks

60
Q

How long can you keep oxidative sherries?

A

Closed: 3 years, Open: 3 months

61
Q

How long can you keep Sweet Sherries?

A

Closed: Indefinitely, Open: 12 months

62
Q

How long can you keep Blended Sherries?

A

Closed: 3 years, Open: 10 months

63
Q

How long can you keep VOS/VORS/Añada sherries?

A

Closed: 3 years, Open: 3 months

CSWS (6 decks)

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