Sherpath - Respiratory Failure & ARDS Flashcards
Which term describes the condition in which the PaO2 has fallen sufficiently to cause signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation?
a. Hypoxia
b. Hypoxia
c. Hypercapnia
d. Hypoventilation
Hypoxia
What phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs approximately 2 to 3 weeks after the initial direct lung injury or host insult?
a. Fibrotic phase
b. Exudative phase
c. Reparative phase
d. Proliferative phase
a. Fibrotic phase
The nurse is caring for a patient on mechanical ventilation. Which nursing intervention prevents the development of volutrauma in a patient on a ventilator?
a. Sterile techniques
b. Strict hand washing
c. Smaller tidal volumes
d. Oral hygiene care
c. Smaller tidal volumes
Which is the underlying cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?
a. Coronavirus
b. Nosocomial pneumonia
c. Legionella pneumophila
d. Streptococcus pneumonia
a. Coronavirus
Which position is preferred for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
a. Prone
b. Supine
c. Fowlers
d. Trendelenburg
a. Prone
The nurse is monitoring a patient through pulse oximetry. Which parameter is monitored through pulse oximetry?
a. Inspired oxygen concentration
b. Expired oxygen concentration
c. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2)
d. Venous oxygen saturation
c. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2)
Which phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs approximately 1 to 7 days after the initial direct lung and injury or host insult?
a. Fibrotic phase
b. Exudative phase
c. Reparative phase
d. Proliferative phase
b. Exudative phase
Which term describes the presence of excessive amounts of CO2 in the blood?
a. Hypoxia
b. Hypoxemia
c. Hypercapnia
d. Hypoventilation
c. Hypercapnia
Which term describes a state of low oxygen tension in the blood and a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation?
a. Hypoxia
b. Hypoxemia
c. Hypercapnia
d. Hypoventilation
b. Hypoxemia
Which phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs approximately 1 to 2 weeks after the initial direct lung injury or host insult?
a. Late phase
b. Fibrotic phase
c. Exudative phase
d. Proliferative phase
d. Proliferative phase
Which cue places a patient at risk for hypercapnic respiratory failure resulting from the affected central nervous system?
a. asthma
b. obesity
c. opioid overdose
d. multiple sclerosis
c. opioid overdose
Which abbreviation reflects the oxygen saturation in the blood measured by pulse oximetry?
a. PaO2
b. SaO2
c. SpO2
d. PaCO2
c. SpO2
Which physiological system can contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure?
a. Renal
b. Cardiac
c. Central nervous
d. Neuromuscular
b. Cardiac
Which condition is the mechanism for respiratory failure in asthma?
a. Bronchospasms
b. Destruction of the alveoli
c. Abnormal viscous secretion
d. Gas exchange impaired by fluid.
a. Bronchospasms
Which clinical findings is associated with hypoxemia?
a. Seizures
b. Confusion
c. Bradycardia
d. Bounding pulse
b. Confusion
Which treatment will the nurse anticipate implementing when caring for a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
a. Supine positioning
b. Placement of a chest tube
c. High frequency oscillation
d. Continued positive airway pressure.
c. High frequency oscillation
The patient with respiratory failure has hypexmia due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. Which primary intervention would the nurse implement in this case?
a. Administer antibiotics as ordered.
b. Give oxygen therapy as ordered.
c. Administer bronchodilators as ordered.
d. Give antisecretory agents as ordered.
b. Give oxygen therapy as ordered.
The nurse is providing care for an older adult patient who has worsening left-sided pneumonia. Which intervention would the nurse use to help the patient mobilize secretions?
a. Augmented coughing or huff coughing
b. Positioning the patient side-lying on the left side.
c. Frequent and aggressive nasopharyngeal suctioning.
d. Application of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV).
a. Augmented coughing or huff coughing
The nurse in the cardiac care unit is caring for a patient who has developed acute respiratory failure. The nurse knows that which medication is being used to decrease this patient’s pulmonary congestion and agitation?
a. Morphine
b. Salbutamol
c. Vancomycin
d. Methylprednisolone
a. Morphine
Before administering prescribed oxygen therapy via face mask, the nurse would assess if the patient has a hx of which condition?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Claustrophobia
c. Mucosal damage
d. Addison’s disease
b. Claustrophobia
Upon reviewing the reports of a patient, the nurse determines that the patient is at risk for hypoxia. Which finding supports the nurses conclusion?
a. The patient’s ventilation/perfusion ratio is 1:1.
b. The patient’s inspiratory to expiratory ratio is 1:2.
c. The patients partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is 40 mm Hg.
d. The patients partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood is 35 mm Hg.
c. The patients partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is 40 mm Hg.
The nurse is caring for a patient with pneumothorax at risk of developing respiratory failure. Which assessment finding is the earliest indication of respiratory failure?
a. Cyanosis
b. Difficulty in walking
c. Change in mental status
d. Early morning headache
c. Change in mental status
The nurse is aware of the value of using a mini-tracheostomy to facilitate suctioning when patients are unable to independently mobilize their secretions. For which patient is the use of mini tracheostomy indicated?
a. A patient whose recent ischemic stroke has resulted in the loss of the gag reflect
b. A patient who requires long-term mechanical ventilation as the result of a spinal cord injury
c. A patient whose increased secretions are the result of a community acquired pneumonia
d. A patient with head injury who has developed aspiration pneumonia after the patient’s family insisted on spoon-feeding the patient.
c. A patient whose increased secretions are the result of a community acquired pneumonia
A patient with respiratory distress becomes agitated and confused. Which action is the best nursing intervention for the patient?
a. Administer an intravenous anti-anxiety medication, and then report to the health care provider.
b. Provide chest physiotherapy and airway suctioning.
c. Administer 3 L/minute oxygen via nasal cannula.
d. Assess the patient and report findings to the health care provider.
d. Assess the patient and report findings to the health care provider.
A patient is in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a result of sepsis. Which measure most likely would be implemented to maintain cardiac output?
a. Administer crystalloid fluids or colloid solutions
b. Position the patient in the trendelenburg position
c. Place the patient on fluid restriction and administer diuretics.
d. Perform chest physiotherapy and assist with staged coughing.
a. Administer crystalloid fluids or colloid solutions
