Sherpath - Hematological Conditions Flashcards
Which blood product would the nurse administer to a patient with hypovolemic shock?
a. Albumin
b. Platelets
c. Fresh-frozen plasma
d. Packed red blood cells
a. Albumin
Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further instruction about safety measures and thrombocytopenia?
a. “I will avoid blowing my nose.”
b. “At the gym, I will not life weights.”
c. “I will use an electric razor to shave.”
d. “I will take aspirin if I have a headache.”
d. “I will take aspirin if I have a headache.”
What is the most important preventative measure in minimizing the risk of infection in a patient with neutropenia?
a. Avoiding public spaces
b. Frequent hand washing
c. Using alcohol-based mouthwashes
d. Limiting dietary intake of fresh fruits and vegetables.
b. Frequent hand washing
What is the clinical manifestation of mild anemia?
a. Glossitis
b. Weight loss
c. Dyspnea upon exertion
d. Icteric conjunctiva and sclera
c. Dyspnea upon exertion
Which amount of time would the nurse monitor their patient for when beginning a transfusion of packed red blood cells?
a. 10 minutes
b. 15 minutes
c. 20 minutes
d. 25 minutes
b. 15 minutes
What integumentary finding is indicative of anemia?
a. Pallor
b. Pruritus
c. Jaundice
d. Hyperpigmentation
a. Pallor
Which intervention is included in the collaborative management of iron-deficiency anemia?
a. Administration of enteric-coated iron supplement capsules
b. Subcutaneous injection of iron in the case of malabsorption
c. Taking an oral iron supplement with a dietary source of vitamin C
d. Inclusion of iron-rich foods in the diet like dairy products and seafood.
c. Taking an oral iron supplement with a dietary source of vitamin C
What term describes an abnormal condition characterized by increased red blood cells?
a. Leukemia
b. Thalassemia
c. Polycythemia
d. Hemochromatosis
c. Polycythemia
Which breakfast choice is most appropriate for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia?
a. Cantaloup and kiwi fruit
b. Peanut butter and banana
c. Scrambled eggs and spinach
d. Blueberry muffin and a glass of milk
c. Scrambled eggs and spinach
What is the primary symptom associated with sickle cell crisis?
a. Pain
b. Fever
c. Swelling
d. Tachypnea
a. Pain
To prepare for a transfusion of packed red blood cells, the nurse selects which intravenous solution to use for the procedure?
a. 3% Normal saline
b. Lactated Ringer’s
c. 5% Dextrose in water
d. 0.9% Normal saline
d. 0.9% Normal saline
Which time is the latest a nurse can hang a unit of packed red blood cells if they are picked up from the blood bank at 1015?
a. 1030
b. 1045
c. 1100
d. 1115
b. 1045
What patient teaching would the nurse include for a patient whose platelet count is below 10 x 10^9/L
a. Avoid people who have infections
b. Include iron-rich food in the diet
c. Anticipate further testing to determine the cause of the abnormally high number.
d. Look for signs of hemorrhage such as visual abnormalities
d. Look for signs of hemorrhage such as visual abnormalities
Which extrinsic factors can cause hemolytic anemia?
a. Trauma or splenic sequestration crisis
b. Abnormal hemoglobin or enzyme deficiency
c. Macroangiopathic or microangiopathic factors
d. Chronic diseases or medications and chemicals
c. Macroangiopathic or microangiopathic factors
Which action would the nurse take when required to safely infuse one unit of fresh-frozen plasma before the patient’s arrival to the operating room?
a. Infuse the fresh-frozen plasma over 4 hours and then bring the patient to the OR.
b. Infuse the fresh-frozen plasma as rapidly as the patient will tolerate
c. Hang the fresh-frozen plasma as a piggyback to the primary IV solution
d. Hang the fresh-frozen plasma as a piggyback to lactated Ringer’s solution
b. Infuse the fresh-frozen plasma as rapidly as the patient will tolerate
Which erythrocyte characteristic would the nurse expect to see in the laboratory findings for a patient with acute blood loss after an accident?
a. Microcytic
b. Hypochromic
c. Normocytic
d. Megaloblastic
c. Normocytic
Which assessment finding does the nurse recall to be a classic sign of pernicious anemia?
a. Diarrhea
b. Indigestion
c. Flushed skin
d. Red, beefy tongue
d. Red, beefy tongue
Which priority intervention would the nurse perform when caring for a patient who is neutropenic and having a febrile episode?
a. Obtain blood cultures from two sites
b. Administer a broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic
c. Administer an oral antibiotic
d. Obtain cultures of the throat
b. Administer a broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic
The primary purpose of protective (reverse) isolation is to help prevent the spread of organisms by doing what?
a. Using special techniques to destroy discharge from the patient’s body
b. Using special techniques to handle the patient’s linen and personal items
c. Preventing spread to the patient from sources outside the patient’s environment
d. Preventing spread from the patient to health care personnel, visitors, and other patients.
c. Preventing spread to the patient from sources outside the patient’s environment
Before beginning a transfusion of red blood cells, which action by the nurse would be of highest priority to avoid an error during the procedure?
a. Check the identifying information on the unit of blood against the patient’s identification bracelet.
b. Select new primary IV tubing primec with lactated Ringers solution to use for the transfusion
c. Remain with the patient for 60 minutes after beginning the transfusion to watch for signs of a transfusion reaction.
d. Add the blood transfusion as a secondary line to the existing IV and use the IV controller to maintain correct flow.
a. Check the identifying information on the unit of blood against the patient’s identification bracelet.
Which patient teaching would be the priority for the treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
a. Skin care that will be needed
b. Method of obtaining the treatment
c. Gastrointestinal tract effects of treatment
d. Treatment type and expected side effects
d. Treatment type and expected side effects
Which management intervention would the nurse teach the patient who has been experiencing fatigue when executing activities of daily living?
a. Assist the patient in walking immediately after meals.
b. Ensure that all activities are completed in the morning.
c. Encourage visitors to visit the patient often.
d. Assist in assigning priority to activities
d. Assist in assigning priority to activities
Which would the nurse place highest priority on reducing for a patient with metastatic cancer and a hemoglobin level of 87 mmol/L and hematocrit of 26%?
a. Thirst
b. Fatigue
c. Headache
d. Abdominal pain
b. Fatigue
Which description would the nurse give when a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia asks for clarification about the disease?
a. Infectious in nature and characterized by increased white blood cells.
b. Malignant in nature and characterized by increased circulating red blood cells.
c. Malignant in nature and characterized by a proliferation of immature white blood cells.
d. Inflammatory in nature and characterized by a solid tumour formation in the lymph nodes.
c. Malignant in nature and characterized by a proliferation of immature white blood cells.
After the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation, what is the first priority of collaborative care?
a. Administer heparin
b. Administer whole blood
c. Treat the causative problem
d. Administer fresh-frozen plasma
c. Treat the causative problem
The nurse would take which action to prevent an adverse effect during the transfusion of two units of blood?
a. Immediately pick up both units of blood from the blood bank.
b. Infuse the blood slowly for the first 15 minutes of the transfusion
c. Regulate the flow rate so that each unit takes at least 4 hours to transfuse.
d. Set up the Y-tubing of the blood set with dextrose in water as the flush solution.
b. Infuse the blood slowly for the first 15 minutes of the transfusion
Which assessment finding may be indicative of the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation ?
a. Scattered wheezes
b. Increasing dyspnea
c. Bradycardia and hypertension
d. Blood oozing from venipuncture sites
d. Blood oozing from venipuncture sites
Which interventions will the nurse likely perform when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera?
a. Encourage deep breathing and coughing
b. Assist with or perform phlebotomy at the bedside.
c. Teach the patient how to maintain a low-activity lifestyle
d. Perform thorough and regularly scheduled neurological assessments.
b. Assist with or perform phlebotomy at the bedside.
What is the nurse’s priority for the patient who has sickle cell disease and has developed cellulitis above the left ankle?
a. Start IV fluids
b. Maintain oxygenation
c. Maintain distal warmth
d. Check peripheral pulses.
b. Maintain oxygenation
Which clinical stage of hodgkin’s lymphoma do fever, night sweats, weight loss, and lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm represent?
a. Stage IIIA
b. Stage IIIB
c. Stage IVA
d. Stagfe IVB
b. Stage IIIB
Which health team member would the nurse ask to assist in checking a unit of packed RBCs before administration?
a. Unit secretary
b. A physician’s assistant
c. Another registered nurse
d. An unlicensed assistive personnel
c. Another registered nurse
Which discharge instruction would the nurse include for a patient with chronic anemia?
a. Take vitamin C
b. Avoid large crowds
c. Participate in a nutrition education session
d. Anticipate the need for supplemental iron injections.
c. Participate in a nutrition education session
Which patient is most likely to experience anemia related to an increased destruction of RBCs?
a. An adult whose alcoholism has precipitated folic acid deficiency
b. A young adult of African descent who has a diagnosis of sickle cell disease
c. A young adult with a history of “heavy periods” accompanied by anemia
d. A child whose impaired growth and development is attributable to thalassemia
b. A young adult of African descent who has a diagnosis of sickle cell disease
Which chemotherapy regimen is most likely to be prescribed for a young adult who has been diagnosed with stage 1A Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
a. Brentuximab vedotin
b. Two to four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine.
c. Four to six cycles of ABVD
d. Bleomycin, etoposide, Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone BEACOPP)
b. Two to four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine.
c. Four to six cycles of ABVD
