shells and shit Flashcards
What does Period number tell you about an electron?
number of shells
What does Group number tell you about an electron?
number of valence electrons!!
What is different about the D shell?
like to be partially full with 5 electrons or full with 10 electrons, so it does not like to have 9 electrons or 4 electrons
How many VE can S shell’s hold?
2
How many VE can P shell’s hold?
6
How many VE can D shell’s hold?
10
How many VE can F shell’s hold?
14
How do elements lose electrons?
Elements lose electrons from the last shell (outermost shell)
How is Electron configuration written?
Electron configuration is written from low energy to high energy!
Atomic Radius definition
the distance between the nucleus to its valence shell
For ionic bonds: you measure the distance of nuclei to nuclei (the middles of the atoms)
For valent bonds: they overlap each other
Is an anion bigger or smaller than the neutral element?
bigger
Is an cation bigger or smaller than the neutral element?
smaller
Effective nuclear charge tells us what?
Effective nuclear charge: tell us how much of the nucleus the valence electrons feeling
-describes the balance between the pull of the protons on valence electrons
Zeff= effective nuclear charge
Ionization energy definition and how it increases
Ionization energy: increases as you go left to right, gets higher as you go up
-It is the minimum energy required to remove an electron
2nd ionization is stronger than the 1st ionization and 2nd takes more energy
Electron affinity definition
amount of energy needed to gain an electron, energy releases when gaining an electron
Alpha decay:
Atom has a nucleus that is too big, too many proton, neutrons. SO it spits out 2 protons and 2 neutrons bc it is unstable and by doing this it stabilizes and spits out an alpha particle (radioactive decay). Mass changes.
Beta decay:
the nucleus has too many neutrons and not enough protons. One neutron is going to turn into a proton and a fast-moving electron (Called a beta particle). Mass stays the same but atomic number increases by 1
Potential energy:
energy stored in chemical bonds - ATP (we get a cheeseburger bc all the potential energy)
Kinetic energy:
energy of motion - mass (m) and speed (u)) (rollercoaster)
KE = ½ mu squared (Speed squared)
Chemical energy turns into kinetic energy
Short wavelength has what kind of energy?
highest energy
Longest wavelength has what kind of energy?
lowest energy
Frequency definition
number of times a wave passes a point per second
Frequency goes up (v), wavelength goes…?
down
Energy levels = ?
the shells of an atom
