shells and shit

Question 1

What does Period number tell you about an electron?

Answer 1

number of shells

Question 2

What does Group number tell you about an electron?

Answer 2

number of valence electrons!!

Question 3

What is different about the D shell?

Answer 3

like to be partially full with 5 electrons or full with 10 electrons, so it does not like to have 9 electrons or 4 electrons

Question 4

How many VE can S shell’s hold?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

How many VE can P shell’s hold?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

How many VE can D shell’s hold?

Answer 6

10

Question 7

How many VE can F shell’s hold?

Answer 7

14

Question 8

How do elements lose electrons?

Answer 8

Elements lose electrons from the last shell (outermost shell)

Question 9

How is Electron configuration written?

Answer 9

Electron configuration is written from low energy to high energy!

Question 10

Atomic Radius definition

Answer 10

the distance between the nucleus to its valence shell

For ionic bonds: you measure the distance of nuclei to nuclei (the middles of the atoms)
For valent bonds: they overlap each other

Question 11

Is an anion bigger or smaller than the neutral element?

Answer 11

bigger

Question 12

Is an cation bigger or smaller than the neutral element?

Answer 12

smaller

Question 13

Effective nuclear charge tells us what?

Answer 13

Effective nuclear charge: tell us how much of the nucleus the valence electrons feeling
-describes the balance between the pull of the protons on valence electrons
Zeff= effective nuclear charge

Question 14

Ionization energy definition and how it increases

Answer 14

Ionization energy: increases as you go left to right, gets higher as you go up
-It is the minimum energy required to remove an electron
2nd ionization is stronger than the 1st ionization and 2nd takes more energy

Question 15

Electron affinity definition

Answer 15

amount of energy needed to gain an electron, energy releases when gaining an electron

Question 16

Alpha decay:

Answer 16

Atom has a nucleus that is too big, too many proton, neutrons. SO it spits out 2 protons and 2 neutrons bc it is unstable and by doing this it stabilizes and spits out an alpha particle (radioactive decay). Mass changes.

Question 17

Beta decay:

Answer 17

the nucleus has too many neutrons and not enough protons. One neutron is going to turn into a proton and a fast-moving electron (Called a beta particle). Mass stays the same but atomic number increases by 1

Question 18

Potential energy:

Answer 18

energy stored in chemical bonds - ATP (we get a cheeseburger bc all the potential energy)

Question 19

Kinetic energy:

Answer 19

energy of motion - mass (m) and speed (u)) (rollercoaster)
KE = ½ mu squared (Speed squared)
Chemical energy turns into kinetic energy

Question 20

Short wavelength has what kind of energy?

Answer 20

highest energy

Question 21

Longest wavelength has what kind of energy?

Answer 21

lowest energy

Question 22

Frequency definition

Answer 22

number of times a wave passes a point per second

Question 23

Frequency goes up (v), wavelength goes…?

Answer 23

down

Question 24

Energy levels = ?

Answer 24

the shells of an atom

Question 25

Ground state=?

Answer 25

lowest energy level (n=1)

Question 26

Bohr model only works for?

Answer 26

HYDROGEN

Question 27

As mass increases, the wavelength..?

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

As speed increases, the wavelength

Answer 28

decreases

Question 29

Uncertainty principle:

Answer 29

you can find out where the electron is but not where it was going. Regions of high probability where you find electrons, and nodes where there is no electrons.

Question 30

n=

Answer 30

n= principle quantum number = shell of the orbital (n=1,2,3…7) (1-7)
n= shell

Question 31

I=

Answer 31

shape of orbital, get by doing 0 to n-1

Question 32

what numbers do each letters equal?
s,d,p,f

Answer 32

s=0, d=2, p=1, f=3

Question 33

mI=

Answer 33

mI= orientation of orbital, take -L up to +L), -1=p, p1=0, p2=+1

Question 34

Ms=

Answer 34

spin of the electron in the orbital, they have an -½ spin (downward) or a pos ½ spin (upward)