Matter and Atoms Flashcards
What makes up Matter?
It is made up of smaller particles called atoms
What are Atoms?
Tiny particles that make up matter
What do atoms make?
Atoms come together to make compounds and molecules
What are molecules?
Groups of atoms held together in a particular pattern and proportion
Chemical Bonds
Forces that hold atoms together
Matter is classified as what?
Substances or mixed substances
What are the types of matter?
Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma
What is a Substance?
Matter with a specific composition and specific properties.
It can be a single element or a chemical compound.
What is a Mixed Substance?
A combination of 2 or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities
-A mixture is composed of different types of atoms or molecules that are not chemically bonded.
ex: Gatorade with sugar, dye, salt, water..
What are the types of mixed substances?
Homogeneous or heterogeneous
Homogeneous
When the mixed substance looks uniform in appearance bc you cannot see the sugar, salt, and etc separately
Heterogeneous
When the mixed substance looks ununiform so you can see the different the different types of matter.
ex: coffee bc you can see the sugar separate at the bottom of the coffee
Give examples of how a mixture can be separated without changing the identities of the components
Distillation, Filtration, Chromatography
Distillation definition
the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling
ex: water evaporates faster than salt, and then salt stays behind, so we can get purified water to make the water drinkable
Filtration
The process in which solid particles in a liquid or a gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium
ex: filtering coffee beans from water
Chromatography
Separates the components of a mixture by using a nonmoving ‘stationary phase’ (paper) with a moving solvent
Diatomics
7 elements that do not exist by themselves
Name the 7 Diatomics
Hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine
What are the properties of matter?
Intensive, Extensive, Physical, Chemical
Intensive property
a property that is independent of the amount of substance present
Ex: color bc color is intensive from size (Cutting a piece of red paper off, the paper is still red)
Extensive property
A property that varies with the amount of substance present like mass, volume, energy. Taking 5 pounds off of something changes the mass or weight of something. Energy also depends on quantity (how much you eat, affects ur energy)
Chemical properties
After a Chemical change, the original substance will no longer exist. Like dying your hair, your original hair color can’t come back.
Corrosiveness and flammability are also chemical properties
Physical properties
One that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of a substance. Ex: melting butter bc butter is still the same when melting or frozen. Ex: water is the same substance even if it is in a different composition or different state of matter like if it’s freezing or room temp
Density equation
Mass divided by volume
