Shells and orbitals Flashcards
What is the formula number of electrons per shell?
2n^2 (where n = shell number)
Which shell has the lowest energy?
The shell closest to nucleus
The lower the energy level the more …
Stable
What is the energy level called?
Principal quantum number (n)
Shell =
Energy level = principal quantum number
What are shells divided into?
Sub-shell which is divided into orbitals
What is an atomic orbital?
It is a region in space where the probability of finding an electrons is high
How many electrons can each atomic orbital hold
2
What are the orbitals called?
s
p
d
f
Where is orbital s found on the periodic table?
On the left + helium
Where is orbital d found on the periodic table?
The middle bocks (transition metals)
Where is orbital p found on the periodic table?
On the right
Where is orbital f found on the periodic table?
The bottom block which is not attached to the rest
Give information on the S-orbital
Sphere
Shell one contains 1s orbital (which has 2 electrons)
The s-orbital on shell 2 will be longer in radius and increase with each shell added
Give information on the p-orbital
Tere are 3 p-orbitals in a shell
This means it can hold a maximum of 6 electrons
The orbitals are known as px, py, pz
Give information on the d-orbital
Each shell contains 5 d-orbitals
This means the orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons
Give information on the f-orbital
Each shell contains 7 f-orbitals
What orbitals are found in shell 1?
s
What orbitals are found in shell 2?
s, p
What orbitals are found in shell 4?
s, p, d, f
What orbitals are found in shell 3?
s, p, d
What is the anomaly in the increase in energy in the shells?
The 4s subshell is lower in energy than the 3d subshell so we fill it first
What are the shorthands for writing the electronic arrangement of an atom?
2H - 1s^2 - (He) 2e-
10Ne - 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6 - (Ne) 10e-
18Ar - 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6 , 3s^2, 3p^6 - (Ar) 18e-
What is the anomalous for the electronic configuration of ions (taking away electrons)?
4s is lower in energy than 3d, but when 3d is filled it becomes lower in energy. So when electrons are lost, they come from 4s first
