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ANSC 240 > Sheep and Goats > Flashcards

Sheep and Goats Flashcards

1
Q

Sheep

A

type of fiber: wool
positioning of tail: down
chromosome diploid #: 54

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2
Q

Goats

A

type of fiber: hair
positioning of tail: up
chromosome diploid #: 60

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3
Q

Classification of Sheep (ovis aries)

A

species: aries
genus: Ovis
subfamily: Caprinae
family: Bovidae
section: Pecoria
suborder: Artiodactyla
order: Ungalata
class: Mammalia
phylum: Chordata
kingdom: Animalia

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4
Q

sheep were domesticated around when?

A

6,000 B.C.

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5
Q

what are the sheep ancestors?

A

European Mouflon (Ovis musimon)
Asiatic Mouflon (Ovis oritentalis)
maybe Asiatic Urial (Ovis vignei, but 58 vs 54 chromosomes)

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6
Q

of sheep breeds and how this compares to goats

A

200 breeds
Much greater than goat breeds

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7
Q

Mouflon

A

European Mouflon (Ovis musimon)
Asiatic Mouflon (Ovis oritentalis)
Reddish to dark brown in color
short-haired
dark back stripes
big horns

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8
Q

Asiatic Urial (Ovis vignei)

A

lighter in color- tan

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9
Q

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)

A

brown in color
white patch on butt

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10
Q

group of sheep

A

flock

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11
Q

care giver of sheep

A

shepherd

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12
Q

newborn sheep

A

lamb

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13
Q

young intact male sheep

A

ram lamb

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14
Q

castrated male sheep

A

wether

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15
Q

young female sheep

A

ewe lamb

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16
Q

adult male sheep

A

ram

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17
Q

adult female

A

ewe

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18
Q

Sheep breed groups

A

meat= 8
fine wool=2
long wool= 3
dual purpose= 6
hair= 7
minor= 7

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19
Q

sheep meat breeds

A

cheviot
dorset
hampshire
shropshire
southdown
suffolk
texel
tunis

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20
Q

fine wool sheep breeds

A

delaine-merino
rambouillet

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21
Q

long wool sheep breeds

A

cotswold
lincoln
romney

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22
Q

dual purpose sheep breeds

A

columbia
corriedale
east friesian
finsheep
polypay
targhee

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23
Q

Hair and double-coated sheep breeds

A

barbados blackbelly
dorper
katahdin
pelibuey (cuba, mexico, Dom. rep.)
romanov
santa inez (Brazil)
St. Croix

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24
Q

minor/ exotic sheep breeds

A

awassi
gulf coast native
icelandic sheep
jacob sheep
navajo-churro
shetland
wiltshire horn

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25
Q

classification of goats (Capra hircus)

A

Species: hircus
genus: Capra
subfamily: Caprinae
family: Bovidae
section: Pecoria
suborder: Artiodactyla
order: Ungalata
class: Mammalia
phylum: Chordata
kingdom: Animalia

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26
Q

goats were domesticated around when?

A

7,000 -6000 B.C.

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27
Q

domestic decendent of goats

A

Bezoar goat (Capra aegagrus)

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28
Q

number of goat breeds vs sheep

A

greater amount of sheep breeds

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29
Q

fiber goat breeds

A

angora, cashmere-producing

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30
Q

meat goat breeds

A

boer, spanish kiko, myotonic, pygmy (Tennessee fainting goat, stiff-legged goat, wooden legged goat)

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31
Q

dairy goat breeds

A

saanen, alipine, nubian
toggenburg, la mancha, dwarf

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32
Q

minor and exotic breeds

A

oberhasli, san clemente

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33
Q

why do goats faint?

A

myotonia congenita, disorder affects skeletal muscles

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34
Q

nonruminant (monogastic) digestive system

A

mouth: food/ water intake
esophagus
stomach: glandular digestion
small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
cecum: postgastric fermentation (minimal)
large intestine
rectum: excretion of solid waste
anus

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35
Q

gastrointestinal tract of ruminant

A

mouth: intake of feed/ water
esophagus
rumen-reticulum: pregastric fermentation (VFA absorption)
omasum: water resorption
abomasum: true stomach
small intestine: (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
cecum: postgastric fermentation (minimal)
large intestine
rectum anus

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36
Q

salivary glands in sheep

A

tons compared to humans
more and larger glands than cows

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37
Q

functions of saliva

A

formation of bolus
lubrication of bolus
enzymes (amylase- digestion aid)
mouth moisture
aid taste mechanism
nutrient recycling

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38
Q

Ani spiralis

A

Resorption of water—> pellet droppings excreted

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39
Q

sheep/goat gastrointestinal tract capacity

A

~ 18 qt
~ 4 1/2 gal.
lower than cattle (~36 gal.)

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40
Q

bacteria in rumen

A

many types
25-50 billion/ mL of rumen fluid

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41
Q

protozoa in rumen

A

mid microorganisms in rumen
consume bacteria
20,000- 500,000/ mL of rumen fluid

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42
Q

fungi in rumen

A

minimal existence in rumen
provides warm, anaerobic, moist environment
composition changes with diet

43
Q

bulk grazers

A

cattle
less selective
less salivary glands
slower passage rate in rumen= more time for cellulose to break down
low fermentation rate
cellulolytic (fibrous)
smaller % liver
longer less spirals, small cecum

44
Q

concetrate selectors/ grazers

A

sheep and goats
more selective- picks and chooses
ammonia kills
more salivary glands
faster passage rate in rumen
high fermentation rate
amylolotic (less cellulose)
large % liver
shorter more spiral intestines, large cecum

45
Q

fresh forages

A

25-50% water

46
Q

fiber components

A

ADF
NDF

47
Q

pasture

A

greater Ca : P ratio than grains

48
Q

as forage matures

A

% CP and % TDN decrease
ADF increases

49
Q

pasture stocking rate

A

5 small ruminants or 1 cow-calf unit

50
Q

rotational grazing

A

improves performance (weight gain, etc.) 20-30%
rotate 2-4 day intervals
helps in forage availablity
prevents parasites

51
Q

strategic supplementation

A

pasture can’t cover all needs
provide supplemental feed only when required and can provide an economic benefit

52
Q

When to supplement feed

A

milk and creep feeding
flushing (pre-breeding females): increase in energy, improve chance of triplets
pre-breeding males
late pregnancy (last 6wk)
early lactation (first 8 wk): baby is out, taxing to body
drought/ poor pasture

53
Q

mixed-species grazing (multi-species grazing)

A

2 or more herbivorous species graze in same pasture
can be beneficial

54
Q

graze

A

grasses, a little weedy
fescue, alfalfa, clover, ryegrass

55
Q

forbs

A

weed-like plants
weedy-thick weedy

56
Q

browse

A

brush and trees full of nutrients

57
Q

forage preference of cattle

A

70% grasses
20% forbes
10% browse

58
Q

forage preference of sheep

A

60% grasses- prefered
30% forbes
10% browse

59
Q

forage preference of goats

A

20% grasses
20% forbes
60% browse- prefered

60
Q

grand challege in sheep and goat production

A

internal parasites

61
Q

most deadly internal parasite in the Midwest

A

Gastrointestinal roundworm
Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm)

62
Q

barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus)

A

affects small ruminants by ripping everything up
blood sucker- leads to anemia

63
Q

indicators of anemia

A

eyelids- look for reddish-pink color
press gums to check for anemia
protein loss/ diarhea
death

64
Q

how do pole worms enter the body

A

they hang out in wet areas and the animals consume it
goats more susceptible than sheep

65
Q

swelled (bottle) jaw

A

to late to save the animal

66
Q

pole worm lifecycle

A

21 days to complete
if larvae are not ingested they die after a few days
can drink 1/10 of blood volume per day

67
Q

symptoms of parasite infection

A

diarrhea
weight loss or reduced weight gain
unthriftiness
loss of appetite
reduced reproductive capacity/ performance

68
Q

control of parasites

A

using combination of 3 things:
1. dewormers/ anthelminitics
2. animal management
3. pasture management (rotational grazing, give goats access to forbes and browse)

69
Q

anthelmintics

A

drugs that kill egg laying adults or larvae before they become adults capable of laying eggs

70
Q

anthelmintics problems

A

few approved by FDA for small ruminants
resistance can develop

71
Q

common dewormer for small ruminants

A

benzimidazoles

72
Q

Ewes

A

seasonally polyestrous
short day breeders during the fall

73
Q

estrus

A

stand to breed
24-36hrs
only time to breed

74
Q

estrous

A

describing the cycle from ovulation to ovulation
~17 days

75
Q

flehmen response

A

behavior of ram when ewe is in heat
curling upper lip

76
Q

ratio of ewes to rams

A

1 mature ram : 35-50 ewes

77
Q

sperm production

A

takes ~50 days
markers on rams leaves ewes marked after breeding

78
Q

vaccination reccomendation for ewes

A

vaccinate during late pregnancy
immune system weakens around lambing, so deworm too

79
Q

when to supplement feed pregnant ewes

A

late pregnancy to prevent toxemia
watch not to feed too much- dystocia

80
Q

gestation period of ewes

A

142-152 days
~ 5 months
can lamb more than once a year

81
Q

STAR lambing system

A

ewes produce 5 times during 3 yr period

82
Q

lambing

A

bag is full of milk
dialation of cervix in 3-4hrs
lasts about an hour
make sure nasal and mouth passages are clear

83
Q

lambs at birth

A

1-3, generally twins
first-time mom likely 1
peak litter size at 3-6 yrs old

84
Q

weaning

A

stressful for both ewe and lamb
no best age
by 3 weeks should be nibbling on dry feed
monitor newly weaned lambs for disease

85
Q

peak milk production in ewes

A

3 to 4 weeks after lambing
~ 74% of milk in produced in first 8 wks of lactation

86
Q

female goat

A

doe or nanny
reach puberty around 4-12 months

87
Q

estrous cycle of goat

A

18-24 days
21 on avg

88
Q

estrus duration of goats

A

12-36hrs

89
Q

male goat

A

buck or billy
reach puberty at 4 months

90
Q

matured buck

A

can breed more does in one month as they mature

91
Q

water intake

A

2-3 gal per day
increases with warmer temps
correlates with feed intake
increaes with lactation and pregnancy

92
Q

feeding the neonate

A

colostrum intake first 2 days
should nurse with 60min
feed orphans 2-4 oz. of colostrum

93
Q

milk source for neonate in dairy production

A

milk replacer

94
Q

milk source for neonate in meat production

A

suckle mom

95
Q

number of teets

A

2

96
Q

creep feed

A

lamb/ kid starter feed
16% creep feed diet

97
Q

feeding the weaned

A

at 12-16 weeks mom starts to wean them
period of rapid growth, highest protein intake
16% creep feed
ammonium chloride for wethers to prevent urolithiasis
TMS and water

98
Q

feeding at maintenance

A

maintaining body weight
access to good forage
fiber producing sheep and goats have higher protein intake because fiber composition is protein

99
Q

feeding the replacement females

A

feeding to reach mature weight
do not over/ under feed
60-80lbs breeding weight
want protein

100
Q

feeding the breeding female

A

flushing / pre-breeding causes increase in ovulation
lush pastures or concetrate feeds (corn, sweet feed)
feed 3 weeks prior to breeding and 3 weeks after
supplement feed at last 6 wks of pregnancy

101
Q

feeding the breeding male

A

50 days of sperm production
heat affects sperm production
supplement because of energy used
include ammonium chloride to acidify urine and prevent stones in urinary tract

102
Q

urolithiasis

A

stones block urine
wether is more susceptible

103
Q

lactation peaks at?

A

~ 4 wks, not fed til 6 wks

ANSC 240 (3 decks)

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