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ANSC 240 > Beef Cattle > Flashcards

Beef Cattle Flashcards

1
Q

Taurine cattle

A

Bos taurus
cattle I know
no hump
western eurasia

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2
Q

Indicine/ Zebu cattle

A

Bos indicus
eastern asia

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3
Q

species cattle today descend from

A

aurochs (Bos primigenius)
wild ox
much bigger
not docile

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4
Q

british breeds

A

angus
devon
galloway
hereford
red poll
shorthorn
south devon

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5
Q

continental breeds

A

belgian blue
charolais
chianina
gelbvieh
limousin
main anjou
piedmontese
simmental
tarentaise

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6
Q

most common cattle breed

A

black angus
well-marbeled, flavorful beef
feed efficient
good mothers

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7
Q

charolais

A

larger frame
heavier

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8
Q

hereford

A

docile
longevity
easy calvers
good milkers
good mothers

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9
Q

oldest breed

A

simmental
large body frame
good calver/ mother
weight gaining ability

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10
Q

more tolerant to hot temps than black angus

A

red angus

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11
Q

product of “survival of the fittest”

A

Texas longhorn

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12
Q

claimed superior fertility, calving ease, mothering, and growth rate

A

Gelbvieh

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13
Q

limousin

A

CRAZY B**ches
tremendous carcass traits

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14
Q

highlands

A

double coat
fuzzy boys
forelock shield eyes from flies

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15
Q

“cross-breeding’s common denominator”

A

Brahman
fatty hump
drooping ears
large dewlap

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16
Q

why brahmans?

A

environmental adaptability
dark skin pigmentation keeps breed free of cancer
ability to use low-quality feed
travel longer distances for feed and water
resistant to insects and external parasites

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17
Q

brahman females

A

environment does not affect reproduction

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18
Q

brahmans in cooler climates

A

grow protective, long course, hide
does well in temps all the way down to 8 degrees F

19
Q

“Queen of Cow Country”

A

F-1 Brahman females

20
Q

hrs spent grazing/ day

A

8hr

21
Q

water intake

A

1.5 gallons per 100 pounds of body weight

22
Q

protein % in diet

A

8-16% dependent on production stage

23
Q

vitamins needed supplemented

A

A and E

24
Q

mineral intake

A

Ca to P ratio of 1 1/2: 1 to 2:1
salt with trace minerals

25
Q

fat in diet

A

less than 5%
fats interfere with rumen function

26
Q

General feeding rules

A

provide clean, fresh water daily
feed at same time every day
change/ increase feed slowly
avoid grinding feed too fine
never feed moldy or stale feed
provide salt and minerals at all times
always provide chance to exercise

27
Q

dietary needs of cattle

A

water
Summer: drink more
winter: make sure temps above 40 oF
cows travel to water in herds

28
Q

creep feed

A

calf gets extra grain away from the cow
mostly grain with 16-18% protein

29
Q

energy

A

“major nutrient”
derived from digestion of feedstuffs
fiber (carbs)
protein
starch (also carbs)
fat

30
Q

TDN

A

total digestible nutrients
common measurement of feedstuff energy

31
Q

net energy

A

assigns the proportion of that feedstuff that meets: maintenance, growth, lactation, gestation

32
Q

sources of energy

A

forages and grain

33
Q

corn stalks

A

low energy
one acre of corn stalks carry one cow for 40-50 days

34
Q

hay

A

“dry forage”
moderate energy
2-4 lbs of blended hay per day

35
Q

grains

A

high energy

36
Q

carrying capacity

A

1-3 cows per acrea
based on improved pasture, if less quaility= less cows per acre

37
Q

cost per cow per day

A

$547.50

38
Q

supplementation

A

main driver of body condition score
reduce forage consumption
meet energy needs

39
Q

feedlot diet

A

~14% crude protein
1/3 of each: corn, soybean hulls, corn gluten or distiller grains
+ minerals
OR
commercial pre-mixed ration

40
Q

preventitive of coccidiosis

A

Ionophore (Bovatec) added to diet

41
Q

% bodyweight in grain in feedlot per day

A

1.5% of bodyweight
watch manure for signs of over-eating

42
Q

grass-fed beef

A

animal raised mostly on forages
does not mean grass finished
take more than 2 yr to acheive market weight

43
Q

micronutrients

A

vitamins
water-soluble
fat-soluble

ANSC 240 (3 decks)

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