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AVS 101 > Sheep and Goats > Flashcards

Sheep and Goats Flashcards

1
Q

What is sheep’s scientific name?

A

Ovis aries

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2
Q

What is a mature male sheep called?

A

Ram

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3
Q

What is a mature female sheep called?

A

Ewe

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4
Q

What is a young sheep (Under a Year) called?

A

Lamb

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5
Q

What is a 1 year old sheep called?

A

Yearling

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6
Q

What is a castrated male sheep called?

A

Wether

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7
Q

What is the normal body temperature of a sheep?

A

100.9 - 103.8 degrees F

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8
Q

What is the gestation period of a sheep?

A

147 - 150

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9
Q

What is the estrous cycle length of a sheep?

A

17 days

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10
Q

What is goat’s scientific name?

A

Capra hircus

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11
Q

What is a mature male goat called?

A

Buck

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12
Q

What is a mature female goat called?

A

Doe

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13
Q

What is the offspring of a goat called?

A

Kids

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14
Q

What is the female offspring of a goat called?

A

Doeling

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15
Q

What is the male offspring of a goat called?

A

Buckling

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16
Q

What is a mature male goat called?

A

Wether

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17
Q

What is the normal body temperature of a goat?

A

101.3 - 103.5

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18
Q

What is the gestation period of a goat?

A

150 days

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19
Q

What is the estrous cycle length of a goat?

A

21 days

20
Q

What is the break joint vs spool joint?

A

Refers to the ossification of the cannon bone
Lambs: Break joint
Mature sheep: No break joints

21
Q

What is the behavior of sheep vs goats?

A

Sheep: Flighty species of animal and result in trouble for the animal
Goat: Very inquisitive and interact with their environment and can lead to misadventure

22
Q

Sheep Classification: Meat breed?

A

Cheviot, Hampshire, Oxford

23
Q

Sheep Classification: Wool breed?

A

Border Leicester, Merino, Finn

24
Q

Sheep Classification: Dual Purpose breed?

A

Columbia, Dorset, Montadale

25
Q

Goat Classification: Meat breed?

A

Boer, Kiko, Spanish

26
Q

Goat Classification: Dairy breed?

A

Alpine, La Mancha, Nigerian Dwarf

27
Q

Goat Classification: Fiber breed?

A

Angora

28
Q

What is the other word for cross breeding?

A

Hybrid Vigor/Heterosis

29
Q

Statistics?

A

Less than 1% of livestock receipts are from are from the sheep industry
1884: 51 million head
2016: 5.0 million head

30
Q

How much has the lamb consumption declined in the US?

A

1960: 5lb lamb per capita
Currently: 1lb lamb per capita

31
Q

What part of the lamb to US markets prefer?

A

Leg and Loin

32
Q

What is the difference between Lamb and Mutton?

A

Ossification of the cannon bone (break joint vs spool joint)

33
Q

Where does most sheep operations happen in the US?

A

2/3 of operations occur in the southern plains, mountain and pacific regions.
Texas & California

34
Q

Production Timeline for Sheep?

A

Ewes are bred by the ram in the fall
Seasonally Polyestrous (short day breeders)
Give birth in the spring
- March to May
- US: “First five calendar months of the year”
Weaning
- US: should be 2.5-3 times their BW (usually 8-10 weeks of age)
- Australia: 12-14 weeks

35
Q

How do sheep operations happen?

A

USDA designations
Stock Sheep: Pasture/Forage
Feeder Lambs
- Reared on forage until 60-80 lbs
- Reared on feedlots until slaughter: approx 140 lbs (6-8 months of age)

36
Q

How does shearing happen?

A

Removing wool from sheep
- Done 1-2 times per year
Spring and Fall
Prevents matting and skin issues
Wool can be used for various products

37
Q

How does Dairy Goat Production happen?

A

Lactation Period: 284 days
- Peak Lactation: 4-6 weeks pos kidding
Sexual Maturity: 4-5 months of age
- Does need to be 70-80 lbs before being bred
- Typically gain 0.1-0.33 lbs per day
- Meat crosses can gain 0.55 lbs

38
Q

What cheeses come from goat fluid milk?

A

Gouda
Brie
Camembert
Cheddar
Many others

Pecorino Romano: Sheep milk and goat milk
Used to make soap as well

39
Q

Nutrition of Goats and Sheeps?

A

Forages
Roughages
Concentrates
Mineral and Vitamins
- No added copper for sheep

Avoid feeding silage: Disease Listeriosis
Avoid sudden changes in the feed

40
Q

What do internal parasites do?

A

Cause: Weight loss, scours and anemia, (Bottle Jaw)
Can be fatal
Sheep Parasites: Lung worm, Stomach worms, Liver flukes, Coccidia

41
Q

How does Predation affect sheep and goats?

A

Major problem for flocks
Coyotes, Wolves, Lynx, Bears and Domestic Dogs
Have Guard Animals: Dogs, Donkey and Llamas

42
Q

What happens with Spider lamb Syndrome?

A

Recessive disorder
Homozygous recessive are affected
Craniofacial, spinal, and limb defects
Animals have to be euthanized
Blood test
- Determines if animals are carriers
- Breed carrier sheep: 25% chance lambs will be affected

43
Q

Common Sheep and Goat diseases?

A

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP): In sheep
Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis (CAE): In goats
Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): In Sheep/Goats

44
Q

What happens with Scrapie?

A

Cause: Neurological disorders in sheep
Infective agent: Prion
Transmission: Contact with “birth fluids”
Fatal
Zoonotic (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)
Can infect other species (Deer, cattle, goats)
- Cows: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease)
- Deer: Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)

44
Q

What happens with Scrapie?

A

Cause: Neurological disorders in sheep
Infective agent: Prion
Transmission: Contact with “birth fluids”
Fatal
Zoonotic (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)
Can infect other species (Deer, cattle, goats)
- Cows: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease)
- Deer: Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)

45
Q

What is the scrapie eradication program?

A

Program that is run by the USDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Requires farmers to keep records of all animals
Animals are given an ID with an associated number and flock ID
Will follow that animal for its lifetime

46
Q

What hoof and mouth disease occurs?

A

Caused by a virus that infects cloven hoofed animals
Global animal health concern
Deer, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs
Highly contagious
Farms affected are depopulated

AVS 101 (9 decks)

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