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AVS 101 > Beef Cattle > Flashcards

Beef Cattle Flashcards

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1
Q

Intact male cattle

A

Bull

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2
Q

Castrated male cattle

A

Steer

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3
Q

Female cattle who’s had a calf

A

Cow

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4
Q

Female cattle who’s not had a calf

A

Heifer

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5
Q

What is calving?

A

The act of a cow giving birth

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6
Q

What is the offspring of a cow called?

A

Calves/Calf

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7
Q

How many times do cows come into heat?

A

Multiple times throughout the year. They are polyestrous

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8
Q

What is the gestation period of a cow?

A

283 days

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9
Q

What is the length of a cows estrous cycle?

A

21 days

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10
Q

What is the range of body temperature of beef cattle?

A

98.0 - 102.4

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11
Q

What is the phylum of beef cattle?

A

Chordata

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12
Q

What is the Subphylum of beef cattle?

A

Vertebrata

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13
Q

What is the class of beef cattle?

A

Mammalia

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14
Q

What is the order of beef cattle?

A

Artiodactyla

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15
Q

What is the suborder of beef cattle?

A

Ruminata

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16
Q

What is the family of beef cattle?

A

Bovidae

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17
Q

What is the genus of beef cattle?

A

Bos

18
Q

What is the species of beef cattle?

A

Taurus or Indicus

19
Q

What are the top breeds of beef cattle?

A

Angus (Black Coat), Red Angus, Hereford, Simmental

20
Q

Benefits of rearing cattle?

A
  • Using grass that would not be used for anything
  • By products
  • Utilize excess grain produced by the cereal grain industry
21
Q

Where is much of crop residue is found?

A

In the Corn Belt (Iowa and Missouri)

22
Q

What region of the US has an abundance of grazing lang and good weather conditions year round?

A

The southeastern region

23
Q

Which states does majority of cattle feeding done and what percentage does it account for?

A

Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado accounting for 80% of finished cattle

24
Q

What happens at a Seed Stock Production?

A

Goal: Produce breeding stock
- Breeding bulls
- Embryos

Animals are not used for meat consumption directly

25
Q

What happens at a Commercial Cow-Calf Production?

A

Goals: Produce the heaviest calves possible with the least cost. Produce calves that will be marketed
- Calves are sold to a stocker or feedlot at weaning

Age: 6-10 months old
Weight: 300 to 700 lbs

26
Q

What happens at a Yearling or Stocker Operators?

A

Goal: Grow calves to heavier weights on low-priced forage before the calves enter the feedlot.
- Purchase calves from cow-calf producers and grow them during a specific season and then ship them to feedlots.

27
Q

What happens at a Feedlots Operators?

A

Goal: This is the finishing phase of the industry (slaughter)

Enter at weight: 600 to 850 lbs
Slaughter at weight: 900 to 1400 lbs

28
Q

What does Heterosis?

A

The tendency of a crossbred individual to show qualities superior to those of both parents.

29
Q

What other name can we call Heterosis?

A

Hybrid Vigor

30
Q

What tools are used for sire selection in beef cattle?

A

Performance testing, sire summaries, and expected progeny difference (EPDs)

31
Q

What are the 2 factors that affect all economic traits in cattle?

A

Environment to which the animal is exposed
&
Genetics of the animal

32
Q

What is heritability?

A

How important genetics is to a given trait

33
Q

What is the heritability of reproductive traits?

A

Low heritability (<0.20)

34
Q

What is the heritability of growth traits?

A

Moderate heritability (0.20-0.40)

35
Q

What is the heritability of carcass traits?

A

Fairly high heritability (>0.40)

36
Q

What is performance testing?

A

Determining if potential of your bulls as a sire
Group bulls and feed a free choice 13% ration for 112 days
Collect body weight and growth measurements every 28 days
Conclusion: Breeding soundness exam and ultrasound (back fat and loin eye area)

37
Q

What age should heifers be managed to calve, be mated, at what weight and what do farmers opt for?

A

At 2 years
15 months and at least 65% of adult weight
Opt for calving heifers first at 30-36 months

38
Q

What diseases affect reproductive efficiency directly?

A

Brucellosis (Bang’s disease)
Vibriosis
Leptospirosis
IBR/BVD Complex
Trichomoniasis

39
Q

How can you maintain a healthy herd?

A

Adequate nutrition
Good sanitation
Vaccination
Parasite control

40
Q

What happens with Calf Diarrhea?

A

Diarrhea in newborn calves
Caused: Bacteria, Viruses, and Protozoa. Calves that don’t receive adequate colostrum from their dams are more susceptible to developing diarrhea that is often severe enough to be fatal.

41
Q

What happens with Bovine Viral Diarrhea?

A

Caused by: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Symptoms: Fever, mouth ulcers, pneumonia and diarrhea. Can cause abortions. Some animals can be persistent carriers.
Prevention: Vaccinate and cull persistent carriers

42
Q

What happens with Bovine Respiratory Disease?

A

Respiratory disease resulting in pneumonia and is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the cattle industry
Cause: Viruses and Bacteria as well as environmental factors like weaning, transport or crowding

AVS 101 (9 decks)

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