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bio ecology shark and fish unit > sharks p 3-8 > Flashcards

sharks p 3-8 Flashcards

1
Q

how do sharks swim

A

powerful sideways sweeps of the caudal fin

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2
Q

heterocercal

A

dorsal side of the fin is longer than the ventral side

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3
Q

what kid of tail do thresher sharks have and how do they use it

A

heterocercal - used to herd and stun prey

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4
Q

paired pectoral fins used for

A

steering and balance

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5
Q

what do pelvic fins of male sharks have and what is it used for

A

claspers - to transfer sperm during reproduction

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6
Q

what secretes a substance to help with buoyancy and what is it called

A

the liver - squalene

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7
Q

squalene

A

oily material less dense than water

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8
Q

what is the vertibral colomn made of

A

made of small disks strung together

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9
Q

how do you tell a sharks age

A

by cutting open the vertebrae and counting the rings

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10
Q

where Chrondroitin found in

A

found in sharks cartilage - said to ease the symptoms of arthritis

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11
Q

nictitating membrane

A

reduces brightness and protects the eyes

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12
Q

what is smell used for

A

to find prey or finding a mate

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13
Q

which shark has the best sense of smell

A

great white sharks

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14
Q

what do neuromasts detect

A

detects vibration - the slightest movement and shark will know

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15
Q

ampullae of lorenzi

A

sensory organ used to detect electrical current - located on the snout and the sides of the head

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16
Q

what do sharks mistake humans as

A

injured seals

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17
Q

what are gills made of

A

gill filaments

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18
Q

how many heart chambers to sharks have

A

2 chambers

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19
Q

what shark can rest on the bottom of the ocean and still be able breathe

A

nurse shark

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20
Q

how do shark teeth grow

A

continuously like a conveyor belt

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21
Q

how many teeth do sharks lose in a lifetime

A

30,000

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22
Q

spiral valve

A

slows down the movement of food to increase the absorption of nutrients

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23
Q

how much of the body does the liver take up

A

25 percent

24
Q

what does the liver do

A

filters out the toxins and stores vitamins for future use - also prolongs feeding times in sharks

25
Q

what do they need to maintain so they dont die

A

solute concentration - they will lose water by osmosis and die

26
Q

how do they retain nitrogenous waste

A

retain urea and tmao

27
Q

what is used to remove excess salts from the body

A

kidneys, rectal glands, gills

28
Q

what shark can remove all nitrogenous wastes from its body

A

bull shark - can also enter freshwater systems

29
Q

cloaca

A

connects the genital and urinary ducts

30
Q

where does fertilization occur

A

internally

31
Q

how do males transfer sperm to females

A

claspers

32
Q

oviparity

A

primitive more of production

33
Q

eggs laid outside of the body

A

oviparity

34
Q

mermaid purses

A

oviparity

35
Q

spotted dogfish and bamboo sharks reproduce this way

A

oviparity

36
Q

most common mode of reproduction

A

ovoviviparity

37
Q

eggs develop and hatch inside of mothers stomach nourished by yolk inside

A

ovoviviparity

38
Q

basking shark, thresher shark, and saw shark reproduce this way

A

ovoviviparity

39
Q

most advanced mode of reproduction

A

viviparity

40
Q

young attached directly to the mothers uterus

A

viviparity

41
Q

uterus produces uterine milk

A

viviparity

42
Q

when an embryo is made without sperm fertilization

A

parthenogenesis

43
Q

similar to humans

A

eyes

44
Q

parthenogenesis has only been seen in

A

hammerhead females

45
Q

what can be transplanted into humans

A

corneas

46
Q

what is the cartilage used for

A

cancer research and arthritis aliments

47
Q

what is the liver used for

A

vitamins, lubricants, and cosmetics

48
Q

what is abundant iin sharks and used to treat night blindness

A

vitamin a

49
Q

what is tiger sharks skin used to make

A

shagreen

50
Q

what is finning

A

cutting off the sharks fins and throwing them back into the ocean

51
Q

what keeps sharks from repopulating quickly

A

slow reproductive cycle

52
Q

what do sharks stop from over populating

A

groupers

53
Q

what is breaching

A

when sharks jump out the water and make a huge splash

54
Q

what can breaching be used for

A

cleaning the body of parasites and attracting a mate

55
Q

why do males bite females

A

to mate

56
Q

shark breeding age

A

6-14 years

57
Q

how long is the gestation period

A

a little longer than 1 year

bio ecology shark and fish unit (4 decks)

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