sharks p 3-8 Flashcards
how do sharks swim
powerful sideways sweeps of the caudal fin
heterocercal
dorsal side of the fin is longer than the ventral side
what kid of tail do thresher sharks have and how do they use it
heterocercal - used to herd and stun prey
paired pectoral fins used for
steering and balance
what do pelvic fins of male sharks have and what is it used for
claspers - to transfer sperm during reproduction
what secretes a substance to help with buoyancy and what is it called
the liver - squalene
squalene
oily material less dense than water
what is the vertibral colomn made of
made of small disks strung together
how do you tell a sharks age
by cutting open the vertebrae and counting the rings
where Chrondroitin found in
found in sharks cartilage - said to ease the symptoms of arthritis
nictitating membrane
reduces brightness and protects the eyes
what is smell used for
to find prey or finding a mate
which shark has the best sense of smell
great white sharks
what do neuromasts detect
detects vibration - the slightest movement and shark will know
ampullae of lorenzi
sensory organ used to detect electrical current - located on the snout and the sides of the head
what do sharks mistake humans as
injured seals
what are gills made of
gill filaments
how many heart chambers to sharks have
2 chambers
what shark can rest on the bottom of the ocean and still be able breathe
nurse shark
how do shark teeth grow
continuously like a conveyor belt
how many teeth do sharks lose in a lifetime
30,000
spiral valve
slows down the movement of food to increase the absorption of nutrients
how much of the body does the liver take up
25 percent
what does the liver do
filters out the toxins and stores vitamins for future use - also prolongs feeding times in sharks
what do they need to maintain so they dont die
solute concentration - they will lose water by osmosis and die
how do they retain nitrogenous waste
retain urea and tmao
what is used to remove excess salts from the body
kidneys, rectal glands, gills
what shark can remove all nitrogenous wastes from its body
bull shark - can also enter freshwater systems
cloaca
connects the genital and urinary ducts
where does fertilization occur
internally
how do males transfer sperm to females
claspers
oviparity
primitive more of production
eggs laid outside of the body
oviparity
mermaid purses
oviparity
spotted dogfish and bamboo sharks reproduce this way
oviparity
most common mode of reproduction
ovoviviparity
eggs develop and hatch inside of mothers stomach nourished by yolk inside
ovoviviparity
basking shark, thresher shark, and saw shark reproduce this way
ovoviviparity
most advanced mode of reproduction
viviparity
young attached directly to the mothers uterus
viviparity
uterus produces uterine milk
viviparity
when an embryo is made without sperm fertilization
parthenogenesis
similar to humans
eyes
parthenogenesis has only been seen in
hammerhead females
what can be transplanted into humans
corneas
what is the cartilage used for
cancer research and arthritis aliments
what is the liver used for
vitamins, lubricants, and cosmetics
what is abundant iin sharks and used to treat night blindness
vitamin a
what is tiger sharks skin used to make
shagreen
what is finning
cutting off the sharks fins and throwing them back into the ocean
what keeps sharks from repopulating quickly
slow reproductive cycle
what do sharks stop from over populating
groupers
what is breaching
when sharks jump out the water and make a huge splash
what can breaching be used for
cleaning the body of parasites and attracting a mate
why do males bite females
to mate
shark breeding age
6-14 years
how long is the gestation period
a little longer than 1 year
