boney fish p13-19 Flashcards
what are some examples of boney fish
any fish , seahorses
what are boney fish similar to
cartilaginous fish
what is the main difference between boney fish and cartilaginous fish
boney fish have swim bladders
what are other differences between boney fish and cartilaginous fish
calcium bones , bone scales, and fin rays
how are boney fish fins attached to the body
rays instead of lobes
what do boney fish use their pectoral fins for
steering and balance
what are chondrostei
fish with heterocercal tails and ganoid scales
what are ganoid scales
thick and heavy to make the fish look armored
what are neopterygii
homocercal tails and cycloid scales
what are cycloid scales
thin and manuverable
what is homocercal
the dorsal and ventral sides of the caudal fin are of equal lengths
how are bony fish bpdy types determined
by their habitat
how do fish swim
using myomere muscles along the trunk of their body
what does it mean to be an open ocean fish
you are an active swimmer
what fish have fusiform bodytypes
tuna and marlin
what fish have laterally compressed bodies
butterflyfish and angelfish
what are laterally compressed fish good at
efficient in maneuverability through complicated habitats
what are some examples of sedentary fish
toadfish scorpionfish and anglerfish
what does it mean to be sedentary
they dont move
what fish are globular and what does it mean
toadfish scorpionfish and anglerfish have rounded bodies
what cells do fish that have coloration have
chromatophores
how can some fish alter their color
by moving the pigment to different areas
what do flounders do for camouflage
alter their body color
what controls the alteration of pigments
hormones and nervous system
what are structural colors produced by
light reflecting from iridophores
what are iridophores
crystals in the cells that reflect light
what produces the silver / mirror like sheen of most fish
iridophores
what is another name for counter shading
obliterative colors
what species normally use counter shading and where do they reside
tuna marlin swordfish sharks and penguins they live in the open ocean
what bird use countershading
penguins
what is countershading
dual colors on their body dark on the dorsal side and white on the ventral side
what is countershading used for
camouflage
what usually uses disruptive coloring
fish that live in coral reefs
what does disruptive coloring use
vertical and horizontal lines to break up patterns
what type of coloring makes prey harder to see
disruptive coloring
what do predators usually look for on prey that use disruptive coloring
they use spots because they look like eyes and in some disruptive coloring they use spots in less fatal areas so they dont die
what is cryptic coloring
evolved coloring to mimic their environment
what is cryptic coloring used for
hiding from predators and sneaking up on prey
is cryptic coloring permanent
yes
what fish has the best cryptic coloring
scorpionfish
What is aposematic colors
Brightly colored patterns
What are aposematic colors used for
Territorial ownership and mating and to warn predators they are too poisonous to eatp
Why do certain species mimic aposematic colors
To fool predators into thinking they are poisonous
where are the myomere muscles and what do they do
on the trunk (body) and helps propel the fish through water
how do eels move
by undulating their whole body, moving like a snake
how do sharks move
swinging their caudal fin
how do flying fish glide through the air
expanding their pectoral fins
how do swim bladders work
offsetting the density of fish bodies allowing them to float up and down the water column
what is a gas gland
an evolved gland to fill the swim bladder with gasses
most fsih must keep swimming to collect what
gas
what are two fish that do not have swim bladders
mackerels and skipjacks
what is olfaction
pits opening and closing to let water flow in along with scents
what fish relies on scent to return tp their birthplace before breeding
salmon
what fish does not rely on scent to feed
pufferfish
where are taste receptors located
head jaw tongue mouth barbels
what are barbels
whiskers
why do fish have to swallow everything whole
so food doesnt clog the gills
bony fish rely on what more than any other fish
vision
how do bony fish focus on objects
by moving a lens on their eye back and forth
what species can see in color
shallow water species
what species can see in color
shallow water species
what species can see in color
shallow water species
what species can see in color
shallow water species
what species can see in color
shallow water species
what species can see in color
shallow water species
how do pufferfish inflate and why
swallowing large amounts or air and water to deter predators
why does the pufferfish inflating scare off predators
the rapid change in size frightens them or it makes them too large to swallow
what do people confuse with pufferfish and what is a key different between the two
porcupine fish and they have spines
how fast do flying fih glide through the air and how far do they normally make it
37mph and they glide to about 100m
what does the pearlfish hide inside
other creatures bodies
what do surgeonfish use to fight off predators
extendable spines
what do parrotfish do at night and why
they secrete a toxic mucous encasing them like a cocoon , masking their scent so morey eels cannot find them
how do margerine snails feed on parrot fish blood
extending their proboscis through the mucous
what fish is extremely toxic and has killed many humans
stonefish
what toxin is deadlier than tetrodotoxin
verrucotoxin
how do most open ocean swimmers reproduce
broadcast spawning
what is broadcast spawning
releasing a vast quantity of egg and spearm into the open water
what is an advantage of broadcast spawning
offspring are numerous and widely dispersed
what is a disadvantage of broadcast spawning
very high mortality rate for offspring
where are benthic spawners mostly found
continental shelf or near shorelines close to shore and in reef systems
what do benthic spawners do
they produce large eggs with a lot of yolk for nutrition and they are laid over areas with vegetation or rocks
how do grunions reproduce
brood hiding
what is a brood hider
where they lay eggs on the shore during high tide and then the males come fertilize them
why is brood hiding so safe
eggs are safe to hatch until next high tide and will be swept into the ocean
how do damselfish blennies and gobies reproduce
gaurding
what are the roles of female and male guarders
females lay the eggs while males guard them
what are different postures are used to scare fish away
raised fins, open mouth, fast darting movement
how do jawfish and seahorses reproduce
bearers
how do female and male jawfish have babies
female lays eggs in the males mouth and he will protect them until they hatch
how do female and male seahorses make babies
the females lay eggs in a pouch on the males abdomen, male fertilizes them and carries them until they hatch
what is the only fish that reproduces through viviparity
serfperches
what are hermaphrodites
they produce sperm and eggs at the same time
what do hamlets do to avoid self fertilization
release sperm and eggs one at a time
what are many deep sea creatures and why
hermaphrodites because its very hard to find a mate
what does it mean for a fish to be sequential
can change sexes
what is protogyny
female to male
what is protandry
male to female
what is anadromous
living in saltwater and migrating to freshwater to spawn
what is catadromous
living in freshwater and migrating to saltwater to spawn
what are some examples of anadromous
salmon lamprays smelt and bullsharks
what do male salmon build and what are they called
nests called redds for the eggs
where do eels travel to reproduce
sargasso sea
what fish do we still eat even though its poisonous
pufferfish
what toxin do pufferfish carry
tetrodotoxin
tetrodotoxin has the potency to kill how many men
20 grown men
what fish can accumulate toxins from feeding on fish in areas with what substance
groupers and barracuda - blooms of toxic dinoflagellates
what is the cost common toxin found in fish
ciguatoxin
what happens when groupers eat toxic fish
the food chain is amplicated
where are most cases of ciguatoxin found
australia caribbean and coastal florida
what is the treatment used for ciguatoxin
mannitol
