fish p 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

what does it mean to be a vertebrate

A

to have a backbone

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2
Q

what do backbones protect

A

the central nervous system

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3
Q

what are the two invertebrate chordates

A

lancelets and sea squirts

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4
Q

what is ichthyology

A

the study of fish

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5
Q

what are the three fish groups

A

jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, and bony fish

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6
Q

why dont fish freeze

A

they contain the same concentration of salt and minerals as the surrounding waters

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7
Q

what lowers the freezing point in fish

A

the same concentration of salt and minerals as the surrounding waters

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8
Q

what do fish use as antifreeze

A

glycoproteins

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9
Q

what do fish replace hemoglobin with as their primary oxygen transport mechanism

A

plasma

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10
Q

what are two common species of jawless fish

A

hagfish and lamprays

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11
Q

what are jawless fish bones made out of

A

cartilage

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12
Q

what has no jaw, no paired appendages, and no scales

A

jawless fish

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13
Q

how much do females outnumber the males in hagfish

A

100:1

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14
Q

which species of jawfish are bottom dwellers

A

hagfish

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15
Q

what do hagfish do when disturbed

A

produce a milky mucus out of their slime glands

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16
Q

what is the purpose of hagfish slime

A

to cover the gills of attacking fish and suffocate them

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17
Q

how do hagfish remove excess slime

A

tying themselves into a knot

18
Q

what species of jawless fish are scavengers and what do they eat

A

hagfish eats dead decaying creatures

19
Q

how do hagfish eat their prey

A

enter through the mouth and eat from the inside out

20
Q

what fish has dental plates and what are they

A

hagfish - they contain horny cusps to tear into flesh

21
Q

what do hagfish do when feeding to increase leverage

A

knot up their bodies

22
Q

what fish can live in salt and fresh water

23
Q

what fish has an oral disk with a raspy tongue

24
Q

what are lampray tongues covered in

25
how do lamprays use their tongue to eat
burrow a hole into prey and suck out fluids and tissue
26
which jawless fish is a parasite
lamprays
27
where and when do lamprays reproduce
freshwater in spring
28
what do male lamprays do to impress females to mate
build nests of stone and is she approves they have babies
29
why are lamprays bad for the ecosystem
they are an invasive species
30
what is an invasive species
no natural predator, reproduce in large numbers, and consume all resources
31
what is lampricide used for
to kill lampray larvae
32
what is the lamprays nervous system good for
nuerobiological studies
33
what are some examples of cartilaginous fish
sharks skates and rays
34
what does it mean to be cartilaginous
entire skeleton is made of cartilage
35
how can cartilaginous fish strengthen their skeleton
calcium salts
36
what are cartilaginous fish scales
placoid scales
37
what are cartilaginous fish teeth
modified scales
38
what is the largest living fish
whale shark
39
what do whale sharks eat
plankton and fish eggs
40
what is the smallest shark
dwarf lantern shark