Shark muscles: origin, insertion, function

Question 1

Pectoral extensors

Answer 1

Origin: scapular process and adjacent fascia
Insertion radials and ceratotrichia
Function: elevates pectoral fin

Question 2

Pectoral flexors

Answer 2

Origin: coracoid bar
Insertion: radials and ceratotrichia
Function: depresses pectoral fin

Question 3

Pelvic extensors

Answer 3

Origin: Iliac process, metapterygium
Insertion: radials and ceratotrichia
Function: elevates pelvic fin

Question 4

Pelvic flexors

Answer 4

Origin: linea alba and pubioschiac bar, metapterygium
Insertion: metapterygium, radials and ceratotrichia
Function: depresses pelvic fin

Question 5

Adductor mandibulae

Answer 5

Origin: posterior part of platoquadrate cartilage
Insertion: Meckel’s cartilage
Function: closes mouth

Question 6

Dorsal and ventral constrictors

Answer 6

Origin: vertical raphe
Insertion: vertical raphe
Function: compresses gill pouches

Question 7

Interhyoideus

Answer 7

Origin: midventral raphe
Insertion: ceratohyal
Function: compresses gill pouches

Question 8

Intermandibularis

Answer 8

Origin: meckel’s cartilage and fascia of adductor mandibulae
Insertion: midventral raphe
Function: raises floor of mouth

Question 9

Levator hyomandibulae

Answer 9

Origin: otic capsule
Insertion: hyomandibular
Function: compresses gill pouches

Question 10

Cucullaris

Answer 10

Origin: dorsal longitudinal bundle fascia
Insertion: epibranchial cartilage and scapular process
Function: elevates gill arches and pectoral girdle

Question 11

Levator palatoquadrati

Answer 11

Origin: otic capsule
Insertion: palatoquadrate cartilage
Function: raises upper jaw

Question 12

Common coracoarculas

Answer 12

Origin: coracoid bar
Insertion: coracohyoid
Function: opens mouth

Question 13

Coracomandibularis

Answer 13

Origin: fascia of common coracoarcuals
Insertion: meckel’s cartilage
Function: opens mouth

Question 14

Coracohyoid

Answer 14

Origin: common coracoarcuals
Insertion: basihyal
Function: opens mouth