Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

THER EX > SHANKMAN CHP 17 ANKLE, FOOT, TOES pg 232 > Flashcards

SHANKMAN CHP 17 ANKLE, FOOT, TOES pg 232 Flashcards

1
Q

defintion:

a calcaneus fracture that heals in a varus positon locks the subtalar joint in inversion, crating a rigid transverse tarsal joint

A

calcanueus fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

definition

rupture results in planovalgus, or flatfoot

A

posterior tibialis tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

definition

ligaments responsible for maintaing stability of the distal tibiofibular articulation

A

syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

definition

tests integrity of both anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament. both must be dirupted to be postive.

A

Talar tilt test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

definition

no muscle attachmetn origin or insertion. has a tenuous blood supply

A

Talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

definition

passes behind the medial malleolus

A

tibial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chronic instablility may follow an inverison ankle sprain. Name the two types of instablilties associated with chronic ankle sprains.

A

mechanical and functional

pg 238

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the 3 major ligaments that represent the lateral ligament comlex of the ankle.

FAP

A

Anterio Talofibular

Posterio talofibular

Fibulocalcaneal

PG 233

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

NAME the 3 distinct types of lesser toe deformities

A
  • Hammer toe
  • Mallet toes
  • claw toes

pg 254

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

toe deformity characterized by deformity of the mtatarsophalangeal joint proximal interphalangeal joint, and distal interphalangeal joint

the MTP joint is either in neutral postion or extension. the PIP jt is held in flexion with the DIP jt in either flexion or extension

A

HAMMER TOE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

toe deformity characterized by a neutral MTP jt, a neutral PIP jt, and a flexed DIP jt

bending at the DIP

A

Mallet toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

toe deformity often associated with neuromuscular disease and are similar in appearance to hammer toes.

distinguished by MTP hyperextension, PIP flexion, and DIP flexion. Usually results from simultaneous contraction of the extensors and flexors.

A

Claw toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE/FALSE

during the early recovery (acute phase) period of an inversion ankle sprain, it is imperative to instruct the pt to write the alphabet with the injured ankle

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Complete deltoid ligament sprains occur in combination with ankle fractures.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Mechanical instability may require surgery to stabilize the ankle.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

. Treatment for a ruptured Achilles tendon is always with surgery.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TRUE OF FALSE

The loss of strength is less if the ruptured Achilles tendon is treated nonsurgically.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The initial management of pilon fractures usually involves an open reduction with internal fixation procedure, external fixator, or skeletal traction.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

In severe cases of plantar fasciitis, the physician may inject a local corticosteroid to reduce pain and swelling.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

n cases of plantar fasciitis where all conservative measures fail to bring significant results, the physician may elect to perform a fasciotomy or excision of a calcaneal exostosis.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Treatment of Morton neuroma is always with surgical excision.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The removal of tight shoes may significantly reduce painful symptoms associated with hallux valgus.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Lesser toe deformities are characterized as either rigid or flexible.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What percentage of all ankle sprains occurs to the lateral ligament complex?

A. 50%
B. 65%
C. 95%
D. 85%

A

C. 95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the primary mechanism of injury (MOI) to the lateral ligament complex of the ankle?

A. Eversion and plantar flexion
B. Plantar flexion, adduction, and eversion
C. Inversion, plantar flexion, and adduction
D. Dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion

A
  • C. Inversion, plantar flexion, and adduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The anterior drawer test is used to clinically examine which ligaments of the ankle?

A. Posterior talofibular
B. Anterior talofibular
C. Fibulocalcaneal
D. Deltoid
E. All of the above

A

B. Anterior talofibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which of the following represents potential pathologies that may be seen in conjunction with an inversion ankle sprain that is produced by inversion plantar flexion and adduction?

A. Subluxing peroneal tendons
B. Fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal
C. Malleolar fractures
D. Sprains of the midfoot
E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Using the injury classification model described by Leach, which of the following describes a second-degree lateral ligament complex sprain of the ankle?

A. The anterior talofibular ligament is completely torn.
B. The anterior talofibular ligament and fibulocalcaneal ligaments are completely torn.
C. All three ligaments are partially torn.
D. The anterior talofibular and fibulocalcaneal ligaments are partially torn.

A

B. The anterior talofibular ligament and fibulocalcaneal ligaments are completely torn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

classification of sprains

single ligament is completel torn

A

First degree sprain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

classification of sprain

double ligament rupture. Both the Anterior talofibular ligaments and fibulocalcaneal ligaments are completely torn.

A

second -degree sprain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

classificatin of sprain

all three lateral ankle ligaments (ATF, posteror talofibular, and fibulocalcaneal) are completely torn

A

third - degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

initial management of acute inversion ankle sprians calls for what

A

RICE

33
Q

Clinically the most effetive means to reduce swelling are what

A

Elevation and compression

34
Q

Protecting the torn ligaments from unwante stress is the cornerstone of what protection phase?

A

maximum

35
Q

PTs IE outline for the clinical assessmetn of inversion ankle sprain includes:

A
  • History
  • Observation
  • Palpation
  • ROM
  • Strength
  • Clinical stabiltiy tests
36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

an AROM program must be used cautiously during the max -protect phase

A

true

37
Q

what type of exerxises are initiated as soon as the pts pain tolerance allows.

A

Isometric strengthing exercises

DF and eversion 2 to 3 sets of 10

holding for 10 secs

38
Q

When does the Moderate phase begin?

A
  • once the pt can bear weight on the injured limb without crutches
  • perform all ROM and isometric exercises without undue complaints of pain
  • control the swelling
39
Q

In the moderate protection phase of lat ankle sprian what can you graudally add in as pain allows.

A
  • inversion and PF
  • stationary bicycling w/ seat height lowered(encourage more neutral ankle)
  • proprioception exercises
  • balancing on injured limb(balance board, mini tramp)
40
Q

When can the minimum protection phase begin?

A
  • Once the pt can perform all resistive exercises (ankle weights, thera-band, and manual resistance)
  • ambulate without pain or limping
  • swellin is reduced
41
Q

Does removal of all supportive devices imply minimum protection phase?

A

no

maturatin of the injured ligaments can take as long as 6-12 months.

  • threfore it is critical to encourage pt compliance with the use of either tape or a semirigid brace during all running activities
42
Q

Depending on the physician’s choice tx, a grade III sprain can be tx by either of what 2 ways?

A
  1. surgically
  2. early controlled motion and superviese PT
43
Q

Fractures of the medial or lateral malleolus may cause disruption of what ligament?

A

Deltoid ligament

44
Q

name the 7 parts to

Phase I: Max-protection phase

A
  1. RICE
  2. EGS-electrical galvanic stim
  3. WBAT
  4. joint protection (plastic, hinged orthosis, tape, air cast, semirigid braces)
  5. AROM- (DF and eversion)
  6. isometric exercises
  7. general fitness exercises
45
Q

Name the 9 parts to

Mod protection phase

A
  1. RICE
  2. FWB
  3. concentri and eccentric contractoer
  4. continued joint protection
  5. heel cord stretching
  6. stationary cycling
  7. proprioception exercises
  8. general fitness exercises
  9. avoidance of unwanted stresses(inv, PF)
46
Q

name the 8 parts to

Min protection phase

A
  1. joint protection during activities
  2. running
  3. jumping
  4. plyometrics
  5. proprioception exercises
  6. general fitness
  7. isotonic ex
  8. isokinetic ex
47
Q

When the ankle is forced into DF or rotation with the foot in a Weight bearing position,where does the injury commonly occur?

A

ankle SYNDESMOSIS

48
Q

definition

laxity of the ankle ligaments

A

Mechanical instabliltiy

49
Q

With mechanical insablilties surgery may be necessary to stabliize the ankle joint.

procedures are common reconstructive surgical procedures used to help stabilize what ligaments

A

the lateral ligament complex of the ankle

In general, the peronues brevis

50
Q

T/F

the healing time for ligaments is slightly longer and more tenuous than that for muscle and tendon reconstruction?

A

True

51
Q

when subluxation of the peroneal tendons occurs what is happening?

/

A

the peroneal tendons normally dislocate anteriorly over the lateral malleolus with ankle DF

52
Q

An overuse injury resulting from repetitive microtrauma and accumulative overloading ofthe tendon

A

Achililes Tendinopathy

53
Q

Complete ruptures of the achilles tendon can occur with sudden what?

A

eccentric-concetric contraction of the gastroc and soleus

54
Q

What test

  • the pt lies prone with feet extending off end of table. the entire lower leg is exposed from knee to toe. the belly of the calf uninvolved lim is grasped and squeezed so that the foot PF.
  • If the achilles tendon is ruptured on the involved limb when the calf is squeezed what indicates a positive thomas test?
A

no PF motion results

pg 243

55
Q

Generally most pts after an achilles tendon rupture are able to return to full activiry after how long?

A

6-9 months

56
Q

after an achilles tendon rupture and immobilization strength training can usually begin as early as?

A

2-4 weeks

pg 245

57
Q

Surgical complication following achilles tendon repair or reconstruction include what?

A
  • sural nerve dysfunction
  • infection
  • skin sensitivity
  • adhesions
  • rerupture
  • tendon necrosis
58
Q

definition

either acute or chronic elevated tissue pressure within a closed fascial space, resulting in occlusion of vessels and compromised neuromuscular function

A

Compartment syndromes of the lower leg

59
Q

Acute compartment syndromes of the leg are most commonly associated with what?

And considered a medical emergency

A
  1. tibial fractures
  2. direct trauma to the area
  3. muscle rupture
  4. muscle hypertrophy
  5. circumferential burns
60
Q

chronic compartment syndromes are also referred t as?

A

exertional compartment syndrome

or

exercise-induced compartment syndrome

61
Q

Clinical symptoms of acute compartment syndrome include what?

A
  1. pain
  2. palpable swelling or tenderness
  3. paresthesias
  4. skin may be warm, shiny, and tense
  5. passive stretching may produce severe pain
62
Q
  1. what is the most widely acceptedclassificatin of ankle fx called?
  2. and another type is called?
A
  1. Lauge-Hansen classifitcation
  2. AO
63
Q

ankle fractures include

A
  1. lateral malleolar fx
  2. medial malleolar fx
  3. bimalleolar fx
  4. trimalleolar fx
64
Q

Many ankle fx are repaired with what?

A

ORIF

65
Q

after an ankle fx. when is a walking cast applied?

A

when the pt can acheive full PF and DF

66
Q

after a cast removal following an ORIF procedure for a medial malleolar fx. When should the PTA recongnize when to stop tx and inform PT?

A
  1. increase swelling
  2. c/o crepitus when strengthening exercises were increased
  3. stressing inversion of the ankle
67
Q

What is a pilon fx

A

Distal tibia comression fx- occurs as a result of veritcal or axial loads that drive, or compress, the tibia into the talus.

68
Q

intraarticular depression fx that usually caused by falls from a height and resul in compression of the calcaneus from the talus

A

Calcaneal fx

69
Q

name the 7 common patterns of calcaneal fx

A
  1. vertical fx of the calcaneal tuberosity
  2. horizontal fx
  3. fractures of the sustentaculum tali
  4. anterior calcaneal fx
  5. fracture of the body of the calcaneus without involvement of the subtalar jt
  6. calcaneal fx with lateral fisplacemtn and involvement of the subtalar jt
  7. central calcanues crushing fx
70
Q

what are the types of fractures of the Talus?

A

TYPE I- talar neck fx without displacement

TYPE II- talar fx with subtalar subluxation (evidence of avascualr necrois is as high as 50%)

TYPE III-talar fx with subtalar subluxation ( incidnec of avascular necrosis is as high as 85%)

TYPE IV- talar head dislocates from the navicular in assoc… with a type III injury

71
Q

A partial or complete fx of bone caused by unrelenting stress and force that do not allow for osteoblastic repair of bone and in turn cause accelerated bone resorption

A

stress fx

72
Q

musculoskeletal overuse injuries of the lower leg involving the distal third of the posterior medial border of the tibia have historically been referred to as what?

A

shin splints

73
Q

WHAT SYNDROME ? pain over the distal and middle thirds of the tibia along the posterior medial border.

Can include

  • stress fx of fibula and tibia
  • ischemic disorders
  • deep compartment syndromes of the lower leg
A

medial tibial stress syndrome

74
Q

chronic inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis with or without an associated calcaneal heel spur?

A

plantar fasciitis (heel spur syndrome)

75
Q

Pts with plantar fasciitis frequently complain of what?

A
  1. pain along the medial border of calcaneus on plantar surface
  2. pain is worse in the morning
  3. palpation reveals tenderness at the medial tuberosity
  4. DF may provoke pain
76
Q

radiating pain thru the toes and proximally to the dorsal or plantar surface of the foot

A

morton neuroma

77
Q

where does a mortons neuroma usually occur

A
  1. 3-4 interspace
  2. less frequently the 2-3 interspace
78
Q

A lateral or valgus deviation of the great toe with both soft tissue and bony deformity. Can be exacerbated by improper footwear.(narrow toe box)

A

Hallux Valugs

79
Q
A

THER EX (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions