KC chap 1 Flashcards
the systematic , planned, performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities intended to provide a pt/client with the means to:
- remediate or prevent impairments
- improve,restore, or enhance physical function
- prevent or reduce health-related risk factors
- optimize overall health status, fitness, or sense of well-being
Therapeutic exercise
Therapuetic exercise programs desinged by physical therapists are ______________ to the unique needs of each pt/client.
individualized
Name the 9 components of physical function
- Balance
- Cardiopulmonary fitness/endurance
- coordination
- flexibility
- mobility
- muscle performanc3e
- neuromuscular control
- postural control, postural stability, and equilibrium
- stability
the ability to align body segments against gravtiy to maintain or move the body (center of mass) within the available base of support without falling; the abilty to move the body in equilibrium with gravity via interaction of the sensory and motor systems
Balance
The abiltiy to perform moderate-intensity, repetitive, total body movements (walking, jogging, cycling, swimming) over an extended perior of time.
Cardiopulmonary fitness/endurance
the correct timing and sequencing of muscle firing combined with the appropriate intensity of muscular contraction leading to the effective initiation, guiding, and grading of movement,it is the basis of smooth, accurate, efficient movement and occurs at a conscious or automatic level
Coordination
the ability to move freely, without restriction; used interchangeably with mobility.
Flexibility
The ability of structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow the occurrence of ROM for functional activities .
Passive is dependent on soft tissue (contractile and noncontractile)extensibility
Active requires neurmuscular activation
Mobility
the capacity of muscle to produce tension and do physical work.
- strength
- power
- muscular endurance
Muscle performance
Interaction of the sensory and motorsystems that enables synergists, agonists and antagonists, as well as stabilizers and neutralizers to anticipate or respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information and subsequently, to work in correct sequence to create coordinated movement
Neuromuscular control
Used interchangeably with static or dynamic balance
- Postural control
- postural stabiltiy
- equilibrium
The abiltiy of the neuromuscular system through synergistic muscle actions to hold a proximal or distal body segment in a stationary position or to control a stable base during superimposed movement
Stability
Maintenace of proper alignment of bony partners of a joint by means of passive and dynamic components
Joint stability
PLOF
&
CLOF
previous level of function
&
current level of function
Name 9
Therapeutic exercise interventions
- Aerobic
- muscle performance exercise
- stretching
- neuromuscular control
- postural control
- balance and agility
- relaxation
- breathing
- task-specific
Exercise safety
- History
- Medications
- environment (space, supportive surface)
- teach correct technique
- give instructions
- have them repeat
- educate them on fatigue(rest and recovery)
- PTA aware of body mechanics
NAGI model
- Pathology
- Impairments
- Functional limitations
- disability
Name 4
types of impariments
- Musculoskeletal
- neuromuscular
- cardiovascular/pulmonary
- integumentary
Impairments the areise dirctly from the health conidtion or may be the result of preexisting impairments
Primary and secondary impairments
Name some impairments
- pain
- weakness
- limited ROM
- decrease muscle endurance
- decrease muscle length
- joint hypermobility
- faulty posture
- muslce lenght/strenght imbalances
- impaird balance
- incoordination
- abnormal tone
- decrease aerobic capacity
- impaird circulation
- pain with sustained activity
- skin hypomobiltiy
Name some functinal limitations
- reaching and grasping
- lifting, lowering, and carrying
- pushing and pulling
- bending, stiooping
- turning, twisting
- throwing, catching
- rolling
- sitting or standing tolerance
- squatting , kneeling
- standing up and sitting down
- getting in and out of bed
- moving around (crawl ,walk, run)
- ascending and descending stairs
- hopping and jumping
- kicking or swinging an object
Name some disabilities
- self-care
- mobility in the community
- occupational tasks
- school-related tasks
- home menagement
- caring for dependents
- recreational and leisure activites
- socializing
- community responsibilities and service
Activities such as health promotion designed to PREVENT disease in an at-risk population
Primary prevention
early diagnosis and REDUCTION of the severity or duratin of existing disease and sequelae
Secondary prevetion
Use of rehabilitation to reduce the deree or limit the porgression of EXISTING disabiltiy and improve multiple aspects of function in persons with CHRONIC, IRREVERSIBLE health conditions
Tertiary prevention
Requirements for skilled clincial decision-making during pt management (13)
- knowlege of pertinent info about problems based on ability to collect relevant data by means of effective exam strategies
- cognitive and psychomotor skils to obtain necessary knowledge of an unfamiliar prob
- proro clinical experience with the same or similar prob
- use of an efficient info garthering andinfor process style
- abilty to integrate new and prior knowledge
- abiltiy to obtain, analyze, and apply high quailtiy evidence from teh literature
- abiltiy to critically organzie , categorize , proritzed, and syntheisize info
- abilty to recognize clinical patterns
- abiltiy to form working hypotheses about presenting probs andhow they might be slove
- abilty to determine options and make strtegic planc
- application of reflective thinging and self-monitoring strategies to make necessary adjustments
The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of an individual pt
Evidence-based practice
pt management model
- Examination
- Evaluation
- Diagnosis
- prognosis
- intervention
Three distinct elements of a comprehensive examination
- The pts health history
- a relevatnt systems review
- specific tests and measures
a brief but relevant screening of the body systems
systems review
systems screen in systems review
- cardiovascular and pulmonary
- integumentary
- musculoskeletal
- neuromuscular
- sometimes gastrointestinal and genitournary
What is the purpose of screening each system?
to identify any abnormalities or deficits that require further or more specific testing by therapist or another health-care practitioner
exercises that shoudl be performed using movement patterns that closely match a pt’s intendid or desired funcitoanl activities
task-specific
a complex set of internal processes that involves the acquistion and relatively permanent retention of a skilled movement or task through PRACTICE
Motor learning
Name the 3 types of motor tasks
- Discrete
- serial
- continuouse
A task that involves an aciton or movement with a recognizable beginning and end.
ex: grasping an object, doing a push-up, locking a wheelchair)
Discrete task
task composed of a series of discrete movements
serial task
tasks that involve repetitive, uninterrupted movemetns that have no distinct beginning and ending
continuous tasks
environment where objects around the pt and the surface on which the task is performed do not move
closed environment
environment where objects and other people are in motion or the support surface in unstable during the task
open environment
3 Stages of motor learning
- cognitve
- associative
- autonomous
what stage of motor learning does the pt **think **about each component or the sequencing of the skilled movement. “tries to get the feel of the movement”
Cognitive stage
what stage of motor learning does the pt make infrequent errors and concerates on fine-tuning the motor task.
Associative stage
what stage of motor learning does the pt movements become automatic
autonomous stage
types of feedback for motor learning
- Knowledge of performance vs knowledge of results
- intrinsic
- Augmented or extrinsic
- sensory cues that are inherent in the execution of a motor task
- arises directly from performing or attempting to perform the task
- may immediately follow completion of a task or may occur even before a task has been completed
- most often involves proprioceptive, kinesthetic, tactile, visual, or auditory cues
Intrinsic feedback
- Either intrinsic feedback sensed during a task or immediate, post-task, augmented feedback (usually verbal) about the nature or quality of the performance of a motor task
KP- knowledge of performance
- Immediate, post-task, augmented feeback about the outcome of a motor task
KR- knowlege of results
- sensory cues from an external source that are supplemental to intrinsic feedback and theat are not inherent in the exection of the task
- may arise from a mechanical source or from another person
Augmented (Extrinsic) feedback
Feedback schedules
- concurrent vs postreponse
- immediate, delayed, and summary postresponse
- variable vs constant
feedback that occurs during the performance of a task; also known as “real-time” feedback
concurrent feedback
- feedback that occurs after completing or attempting to complete a motor skill
postrespone feedback
- information that is given directly after a task is complete
immediate feedback
- info that is given after a short interval of time has elapsed, allowing time for the learner to reflect on how well or poorly a task was executed
Delayed feedback
- info that is given about the average performance of several repetiions of a motor skill
Summary feedback
- feedback that occurs irregulary , randomly during practice of a motor task
variable feedback
- feedback that occurs on regulary recurring continuous basis during practice of a motor task
constant feedback
