SG 2 Flashcards
How do you differentiate scalded skin syndrome from SJS?
- SJS: mucosal involvement (mouth, eyes, genitalia)
What is the cause of SJS?
allergic
what is the cause of scalded skin syndrome?
exfoliative toxin
A 4-yo boy got bit by the neighbor’s dog. There is a puncture erythromatic puncture wound that is passively painful. What is your major concerns?
- Rabies
- Pasturella
What is the ABx for pasturella in dog bite?
Augmentin
Local staph presentation presents as?
- Impetigo
- Abscess
What stool test is used to Dx IBS?
Fecal calprotectin
In UC there is no {{BLANK}} sparing
rectal
Extend GIT to rectum
In {{BLANK}} there is intense inflammation w/ crypt abscesses
UC
Biopsy of terminal ileum shows disease in the colon but the rectum is spared. What is the Dx?
- Crohn’s Dx
- Non-caseating granulomas
What is the 1st primary tooth to erupt?
- lower incisors around 4-6 mo
When do you talk to parents about oral care for their child? Why?
- 4-6 mo
- First tooth erupts then (lower incisors)
When should fluoride varnish be applied?
6 mo then q6mo until dentist
What bacteria causes majority of dental caries?
S. mutans
What is the formula for air tube size?
Age ÷ 4 + 4
Age + 16 ÷ 4
How do you assess if bagging is giving good ventilation?
Chest rise/fall
14-yo girl is an athlete w/ a painful tibial tubercle. What is the Dx?
Osgood Schlatter
Best way to assess stress fracture?
3-phase bone scane (gold standard)
Inj. & time consuming
A runner has lateral knee pain & positive ober test. What is the Dx?
IT band syndrome
To avoid injury, runners should increase their strain of exercise (mileage, intensity, terrain, etc.) by how much at a time?
10%
A patient presents with impetigo. They have a recurrence 12-days after successful Tx. What happened?
Recolonization
E.g., improper fomite care
How do you Tx impetigo?
- C&S
- Tx for both MSSA + MRSA (bacitracin, TMP/SMX)
How do you Tx an abscess?
In all cases, an abscess must undergo I&D
Must be drained, will no go away
What organisms cause perirectal abscesses? What is the Tx?
- Mostly anaerobes
- Clindamycin
What is the most likely cause of axillary lymphadenitis?
- Kids: Cat-scratch
- Adults: Cancer
FUO can only be ruled out as a Dx if your patient is?
Immunologically competent
If you suspect FUO, you probably want to?
Hint: Lungs
CXR for PNA
The most common pediatric outpatient Dx is?
Otitis media
Due to vaccinations, a lot of otitis media cases are due to?
Viruses
How do we Tx otitis media if a patient is over 2 yo?
Watch & wait
How do we Tx otitis media in a pt < 2 yo?
ABx (Amoxil)
What is the most common pathogen causes croup?
Parainfluenza virus
What is the most effective Tx for croup?
- O2
- Suction
- Racemic epi
How do you Dx PNA?
- PMH
- Auscultation (crackles & rails)
Don’t need CXR – won’t display early PNA
What pathogen leads to pseudomembranous colitis?
C. difficile
What is the Tx for c. difficile colitis?
Metronidazole + PO Vancomycin
A pediatric patient has a fever, abdominal pain w/ cramps, elevated CBC & bands, and diarrhea w/ mucus & blood. What is the most likely Dx?
Shigellosis
What is the Tx for PUD due to H. pylori?
H2RA (cimetidine)
Along w/ other meds (combo: 3-4 drugs)
In GH deficiency, how do you determine the bone age of the child?
XR of non-dominant wrist
Use ossification to determine bone age
What is the only disease causing short stature that can be determined via karyotyping?
Turners syndrome
What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?
Pituitary adenoma
Early puberty is important in girls because…
- 2-yrs post-menarche their height is determined (won’t grow taller)
- May or May not Tx (talk to pt & parents)
What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?
Pregnancy
What is the intervention for PCOS?
- Decrease insulin resistance
- Periods restart
Once you’ve treated hyperthyroidism, you should continue monitoring for?
Hypothyroidism
What syndrome is assoc. w/ hypoparathyroidism?
DiGeorge (CATCH-22)
If a patient has distortion of the face when tapping CN VII & a carpal spasm when placing a BP cuff. What is the Dx?
- Hypocalcemia
Chvostek’s & Trosseau’s signs; due to parathyroid dysfunction
A patient presents with a round face, short stature, obesity, skin hyperpigmentation, short thick neck, shortening metatarsals (esp. 4th tarsal), and mental retardation. What is the Dx?
Albirght’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy
X-linked
MEN syndromes are assoc. w/?
Hyperparathyroidism
A patient presents with hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, and acidosis. What is the Dx?
Hypo-functioning adrenal glands
In adrenal hyperplasia, what is the difference between males & females?
- Males: advanced sex development
- Females: Virilization
A patient presents with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypochloremia, increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone w/ 21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. These are labs for?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
What is the most common deficiency causing congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
21-alpha-hydroxylase
What is the most common causes of Cushings syndrome?
Exogenous admin. of steroids
If a patient has DM & severely dehydrated. Why do you not use the usual regimen for rehydration?
- Brain has adj. to hyperosmolarity
- If you dilute too quickly, will cause brain to swell
Turner Stage I
M&F: no hair
Turner Stage II
- M: enlargement; change in texture; sparse hair @ base of penis
- F: hair along labia; breast budding (areola & papilla)
Turner Stage III
- M: Growth in length & circumference; darker, coarser, curlier hair
- F: Darker, coarser, curlier hair/ cont. breast enlargement
Turner Stage IV
- M: Development of glans penis; darkening of scrotal skin; decreased distribution but adult patterned hair
- F: Adult pattern but decrease distribution; Areola & papilla form secondary mound
Turner Stage V
- M: Adult genitalia; hair is adult quantity & type w/ spread to medial thighs
- F: Hair is adult quantity & type w/ spread to medial thighs; mature female breasts
