SFBH 1 Flashcards
Define health and the difficulty of the definition
Health - a state of complete physical mental and social well-being
Difficulty -
- very broad & subjective
- health is constantly changing
- very unlikely a person would have complete state at any one time
Define disease and outline difficulties of the definition
Disease - any condition that adversely affects the normal functioning of an individual
Difficulty
- broad and imprecise
- ‘normal functioning’ is subjective
- some conditions defined under this definition may not be viewed as disease like pregnancy or old age
Define genes and how it assists in the maintenance of health
Genes are heredity units that make proteins
- proteins are needed for metabolic processes –> essential for life
- they control almost all functions of cells and are required for normal growth and repair
Eg haemoglobin carries oxygen
Define mitosis and how it assists in the maintenance of health
Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in 2 daughter cells with exactly the same number of chromosomes
Mitosis is important for cell growth , repair, reproduction and making new cells
Define cell differentiation and specialisation and how they assist in the maintenance of health
Cell differentiation - process of a cell becoming specialised
Cell specialisation - each cell performs a specific function
- enable cells to work together and carry out complex functions to maintain and repair body tissue
What is gene expression
The switching on of a gene so that DNA is made into proteins to control the structure and function of a cell
Define infectious diseases and give examples
Infectious diseases are those caused by a pathogen
Eg influenza AIDS cholera
Define non infectious diseases and provide example
Non infectious diseases are not caused by a pathogen and cannot be spread
Eg skin cancer, Down syndrome,
Describe prions
- size
- reproduction
- disease it causes
Prions are non cellular, contain no nucleic acids
- 25nm
- multiply when come into contact with a normal protein
- CJD
- mad cow disease
Describe viruses
- size
- reproduction
- disease it causes
A virus is non cellular but contains genetic information
- 30-300 mm
- reproduces from host
- influenza, aids, chicken pox
Describe bacteria
- size
- reproduction
- disease it causes
Bacteria is unicellular, prokaryotic
- 0.5-100 micrometers
- asexual reproduction or binary fission
- bubonic plague, anthrax, tetanus
Describe protozoan
- size
- reproduction
- disease it causes
Protozoan is unicellular, eukaryotic
- 5-500 micrometers
- asexual or binary fission
- malaria and Giardia
Describe fungi
- size
- reproduction
- disease it causes
Eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular and has cell wall
- asexual or sexual reproduction
- microscopic or macroscopic
- thrush or athletes foot
Describe macro parasites
- size
- reproduction
- disease it causes
Multicellular, eukaryotic
- macroscopic
- sexual, asexual
- tapeworm disease
